Mattel Toy Recall Essay

1. What are the main issues involved in the case? Mattel had five recalls in 2007 involving over 21 million toys. The problems were related to lead paint and poorly designed magnets. Most of the toys were made in China, which caused them to question the reliability of the Chinese manufacturers. At first, Mattel tried to put all the blame on the Chinese manufacturers as a denial tactic. They also claimed the media and government overly magnified the crisis. Mattel also failed to notify the CPSC of the defects within the time limit of 24 hours. It took them nearly a month and a half to notify the CPSC. Even though the recalls were in 2007, there were incidents/injuries reported in 2003 with children needing surgery because of the toy defects. One death was recorded. 2. Identify the major stakeholders and state how the issues in the case affect each stakeholder. Competitors: Because Mattel is such a large and trusted company that outsources, customers were nervous to trust other companies that outsourced. Who was to say they did not have the same issues as Mattel? Investors: Stocks dropped and investors lost money. They ended up suing based on allegations of failure to disclose recalls in a timely manner, and failure to have proper protocols to avoid recalls. Customers: Many children were injured and required surgery, and one child even died. Parents lost faith in Mattel and created lawsuits against them. Employees: Because of the accusations on the Chinese manufacturers, job security in China all but diminished. Job security and pay decreased in America too because of the fines from the CPSC, and the cost of the recalls. 3. How could this case be viewed from an ethical perspective? It was Mattel’s job to report the incident in a specific time limit, which they failed to do. They could have warned parents approximately a month and a half earlier, possibly saving children from painful injuries and surgeries. Mattel also put the blame on the Chinese and did not own up to their own mistakes. 4. What final conclusions or recommendations would you draw? Immediately tackle any issues or problems that arise to avoid a larger fiasco. Implement higher standards and checks to ensure the safety of the products. Follow all government statues and be sure that the outsource countries have the same or similar regulations and priorities that we hold.

Why Do People Bully

Types of and reasons for bullying behavior Questions/Main Ideas/Vocabulary Ask questions you think are important Write questions directly across from the answers In your notes Leave a space or draw a pencil line separating questions Highlight key vocabulary Notes/Answers/Definitions/Examples Write headings larger or in a different color Take sufficient notes with selective (not too much verbiage) & accurate paraphrasing Skip a line between Ideas and topics use billeted lists and abbreviationsCorrectly sequence information Types of Participants: Bully – Someone who hurts somebody emotionally and/or physically. Sometimes It Is Intentional, sometimes It Isn't. Victim – The person who receives the action of the bully. 1 OFF Active Bystander – Acting on behalf of the victim. Why People Bully: Becomes involved. Cultural Causes – Unrealistic for people not to be influenced by violence in our culture. Institutional Causes – If there is no rule enforcing no bullying then it makes the bullying more likely to occur.Social Issues – Some people think that bullying others is funny or even being the class clown. The negative behavior causes people to bully more because they think â€Å"hey why not? Everybody else is doing it! It must be the new thing† Family Issues – Families that encourage violent behavior and the adults in that family who don't teach their kids right from wrong tend to have children who get in trouble a lot or maybe they don't do so well in school. They are also most likely to be the bully.

The aspects of inclusion on the children with the special needs Essay

The aspects of inclusion on the children with the special needs - Essay Example The term ‘inclusion’ has been driven into different layers; it is different from segregation, integration, and mainstreaming. In its general sense inclusion is â€Å"the philosophy and practice of providing learning opportunities for all children according to their needs† (Inclusive Practice: Study Guide, p.6). Inclusive practice takes into account all the children and the learning activities are arranged in satisfying the various needs of the children. For Lesley Lyons each child has the â€Å"fundamental right to be a part of a family, a community and a society that will enrich their lives and be enriched by the presence of theirs† regardless of their similarities and differences (Lyons, 2005, p.16). Similarly, National Association for the Education of Young Children considers inclusion as embodying â€Å"the values, policies, and practices that support the right of every infant and young child and his or her family, regardless of ability, to participate in a broad range of activities and contexts as full members of families, communities, and society (Early Childhood Inclusion, 2009, p. 2). The benefits and challenges of inclusive practice for all involved The Child: Inclusive practice places the children with different needs together and it is framed in accordance with their needs. Inclusion allows and facilitates the overall growth of a child. As the course is in accordance with the needs of the child, it is highly result oriented.

Plato's The Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Plato's The Republic - Essay Example At the very onset, Socrates expounds on the evils of imitative art, which is "thrice removed from the truth". He sets out to prove his point by saying that anything with a common name is believed to correspond with the same ides. He elaborates using an example - there are plenty of beds and tables but the idea behind the use of the same belongs to one only. It is the same person who makes "not only vessels of every kind, but plants and animals, himself and all other things" he is the maker. It may be possible for anyone to do the same by holding up a mirror, but that would merely be appearances. Thus in the same way a painter is a mere "creator of appearances". Getting back to the example there are three artisans who make it - one is God, who is and always will be the primary source for every conceivable idea, the carpenter who makes the bed for practical use and finally the painter who merely imitates. Therefore he serves no discernible purpose. Socrates says the imitator is always far from the truth. He has but a smattering of knowledge which he parades as the truth and simple folks, who know no better, accept it at face value. Poets are usually thought of as veritable founts of knowledge. Homer, the legendary poet for instance is believed to be knowledgeable man, able administrator and an astute observer of human nature. But if that been the case surely he would have been at the forefront of the events in his day instead of relegating himself to the background Thus one must beware of poetry because it amounts to nothing when stripped of its colors and insidious charm. Thus in a realm where truth has been elevated to the highest possible peak, there is no place for art which is so far removed from truth. Its banishment from the ideal society may however be revoked if it can prove to have its use in upholding truth, morality and virtue instead of detracting from it. PLATO'S VIEWS ON CENSORSHIP Plato through his speaker waxes eloquent on the need for censorship in art. Not only are the artists negligent with regard to truth but they contribute to moral decay as well. These imitators have no knowledge of what is good, bad or truly beautiful; they merely portray what they perceive as the real thing. The common man is carried away by the lure and charm of the arts and has no way or means of piercing this faade. Socrates asserts that the better part of the soul is the one which seeks refuge in rationale. Poetry meanwhile appeals to the baser instincts in man. In the face of calamity most people in the grip of reason would attempt to keep calm, without indulging in wasteful and destructive passions. However in poetry, the protagonist would wallow in despair, bewailing his fate in lengthy oration. The audience will get carried away and forget themselves in the process without realizing that "from the evil of other men something of evil is communicated to themselves." Thus it is imperative that, art which is flippant, morally licentious or just plain ridiculous be firmly uprooted from society before it allows the beast in man to run wild resulting in moral collapse and social ruin. THE WRITER'S VIEW ON THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ART While Plato's views on the role of art in the republic are convincing and partly

The Millenium Dome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Millenium Dome - Essay Example Millennium experience was great exhibition that was intended to celebrate the beginning of the third millennium. The exhibition was generally open to the public from January 1st to 30th 2000. This exhibition was a concern of political controversy because it failed to get the attention of visitors that were anticipated due to the recurring financial constraints. The initial associated complex and the exhibition has since been demolished, the dome however still exists and is currently a significant exterior feature of the O2. The Millennium Dome project was completed and maintained in spite of its commercial failure. This is because it was the immense nuclear bunker in the underground that was designed to house the heads of state, the government and the military elite in the event of biological or nuclear strike on the capital (McGuigan, 2003). This paper seeks to critically evaluate the UK project â€Å"The Millennium Dome†. There has been a controversy surrounding the UK proje cts that were involved in the turning of Millennium. The successful attractions to the visitors can offer a boost in the tourism industry in the United Kingdom. This created a positive effect of multiplier on the economy and local residents. On the other hand, the unsuccessful visitor attractions led to the damage and negative image of the area. The Millennium Dome was managed by the New Millennium Experience Company (NMEC). They received funding from United Kingdom taxpayer and the lottery funding, in addition, they got support from the government. On a critical evaluation of the Millennium Dome, a total of 6,516,874 visitors were attracted to the Dome throughout its operational year. This was over half of what the government predicted (Myddleton, 2006). Centrally, in less than 3 years into the Millennium Dome’s renaissance of 1997 as the entertainment destination in London, the apparent and controversy in the mismanagement of various aspects of the operations of the Millenn ium Dome were cast aside. The negative public reputation of the Millennium Dome was a subject of various academic commentaries and media regarding the operations of the Millennium Dome had been overcome by the positive reviews generally enjoyed by the O2 venue (Guardian, 2006). The UK project the Millennium Dome enjoys the distinction of being conceived by the Conservative government and the new labor raised it to its full extent. Evidence shows that no matter the kind of political aspects taken to the whole process, there was a genuine political will at all times to make a distinct British statement about UK and the country’s attitude towards the millennium. The plan of the Millennium Dome was set such that it was situated on the edge of the Prime Meridian. The architecture of the Millennium Dome is both unique and imposing. It was described as iconic in appearance (Hemmington, 2007). It had an 80000 m2 glass fiber surface that is coated with Teflon. This made the Millennium Dom sufficiently large and observable from the space. The major difficulty that inundated the Millennium Dome project and concept was the government failure to generally solicit the grounded objective and to develop estimates of costs and finances properly for the construction of the Millennium Dome project. These constraints compounded when the emphasis shifted from the appearance of the building on completion to the practical day to day facility operation during the year of millennium and what would be done to the structure after the passage of the

What shapes women's decisions to take part in prenatal testing and Essay

What shapes women's decisions to take part in prenatal testing and screening - Essay Example As pregnancy progresses the chances of changing the normal situation to abnormal one also increases. These complications could be primarily related to mother or developing foetus and both can affect the other partner. Continuous contact between a pregnant woman and a health are provider reduces the chances of turning the situation towards real emergency situation. This care provider – client relationship not only addresses the medical issues but it becomes an excellent opportunity to discuss other related and required issues, like: nutrition, rest, event around delivery, postpartum period, care of newborn and family planning. During pregnancy, there is an opportunity for pregnant woman to get herself tested or screened as advised by her care provider. Prenatal testing and screening is a preventive measure to exclude as many pathological situations as possible so that the outcome of a pregnancy is smooth in the shape of a normal newborn. During the prenatal period, pregnant women are advised some routine laboratory tests for all women. These laboratory tests require samples from blood, urine and cervix, as well as tests for sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) (Medial Library, ACOG). The purpose of this routine activity is that if some abnormality is detected then it can be treated early before complications start because of this abnormality. Moreover, treating these abnormalities is not a big task but the effects of treating these abnormalities are significantly high. Urine is tested for the presence of sugar and proteins in the urine. High levels or sugar are of some concern otherwise sugar is excreted in urine during pregnancy but the presence of proteins suggests further work on excluding urinary tract infection (UTI), other kidney diseases or blood pressure. To look for any change in the cervix, a Pap smear is taken and assessed for any change leading to cervical cancer if it has not been taken during

INTEREIM PROJECT REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTEREIM PROJECT REPORT - Essay Example Wakelyn (49) asserts that the report gives summarized initial findings of the second assessment of the interim project report which aims at exploring the benefits of the occupational & health safety management. The project helps the students to apply the management theories to organizational settings such as a business to ensure the swift running of its activities as asserted by Ares (67). The assessment also assists students in applying the management skills in resolving around a management issue. This is done through effective communication within the workplace which ensures an environment which nurtures business opportunity among the students (Schwartz 13). Therefore, an interim manager is a person who provides temporary managerial support usually to an executive level of an organization or business and who also leads in achieving its objectives (Kahlmeter 17). The interim management helps an organization surpass a trouble which might need extra management resources to control the crisis or transformation in the direction of management. There is a series of test for example clinical trials that can be used to tests and determine the managerial skills in project research and development in order to come up with individuals who are able to generate safety and efficacy in the project report. According to Kahlmeter (20), the interim project report provides an opportunity to present the details of the running of the project. This demonstrates the integration of the project management theory in planning stages (Christensen 343). This report gives a setailed of a number of assessments that was done during the implementation of the project especially on occupational and health safety management. The report also is a detailed interim of relationships of activities in the Jim’s company company business such as cleaning background, job functions and safety medical management among others.This report is presented in the business format which is submitted to the m anagement team of the organization. The report also varies according to the nature of the project but the report encompasses the following: Scope statement Meyers et al (10) have it that scope statement depends on the type of project being implemented and also the nature of the organization and it normally takes many forms. The scope statement normally gives details of the project and it also describes the major objectives of the projects. This is the part of the project report that captures the broader terms and the narrower terms of the products of the project (Schwartz 19). The objectives stated here should have a measurable success criterion that will help in the realization of the project’s goals. This part of the interim report normally contains a list of users of the products and the features of the products to be introduced in the market which the business produces (Meyers et al 19). The scope statement of the interim project report contain the project name, the proje ct charter, the project owner, sponsors, stakeholders, the problem statement, the project goals, objectives and among other project requirements. The scope also states

Accounting issues over the next three years that should be addressed Essay

Accounting issues over the next three years that should be addressed with FASB - Essay Example Accounting standards are very crucial to the effective functioning of the economy. This is mainly because most of the decisions pertaining to the allocation of resources rely heavily on credible, concise, transparent, and comprehensible financial information. The FASB develops accounting concepts as well as standards for financial reporting. It also provides guidance on how to implement them. These concepts are useful in guiding the Board in establishing standards and in providing a frame of reference, or conceptual framework, for resolving accounting issues. Perhaps the most important issue that the FASB has been working on is to reduce the complexity and to improve the usefulness and transparency of reporting financial information. According to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) there is a need for comparability of financial statements, need for implementation guidance and a need for an appropriate transition. In 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board voted unanimously to revamp rules on lease accounting that allow revising the rules that permit companies to keep certain leases off their balance sheets. The board agreed to work jointly on the project with the International Accounting Standards Board. However, the FASB Chairman Robert Herz, himself admitted that amendments to FAS 13 may not be finalized till late in 2009. This project is also to be done to coordinate lease accounting standards with the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) which sets accounting standards for Europe and many other countries. The IASB and the FASB have significant differences in the way they treat leases. Although both follow the concept of capital and operating leases but FAS 13 (which questions whether the lease term is 75% or more of the economic life, and whether the present value of the rents is 90% or more of the fair value) is not used by the IASB, which prefers a

Digital Learning Environment Essay Example for Free

Digital Learning Environment Essay In the statement â€Å"Recently, there were two recent cover stories in Time Magazine: Their conclusion was that children today are different. In fact, based on what we now know from the neurosciences and psychological sciences, what we’re now beginning to understand is that children today are FUNDAMENTALLY different than we are in the way they think, in the way they access, absorb, interpret, process and use information, and in the way they view, interact, and communicate in the modern world because of their experiences with digital technologies. If this is the case, it holds profound implications for all of us personally and professionally.† I truly believe it’s true. I feel that we are surrounded by digital devices that were not there when I was young. There is new technology that comes out every day and eventually I believe that will be on only way of life in everything we do. I do feel that today’s learners have a different way of learning than we did in the past. I feel there are so many different factors that have changed how today children learns, thinking, etc. I believe the main factor is all the new technology that comes out daily. I feel that technology has been taken for granted for many different ways especially in the learning environment. For example, when I was in high school I had to go to the library to check out books to complete a research paper but in today’s world students just type what they are looking for on the computer and the web provides the answer. I feel it has taken away the experience of how to research something. People can learn so much more when they actually have to do the leg work on researching than just sitting on the couch and typing up the question and the computer does the work. I believe that it can show some laziness on the student’s part because it is others that have done the work and not them. The whole digital world has taken away a person’s creativity, personality (their own work), etc. I feel that having hands on and thinking skills expands their thought process and creative process where they utilizing their own thoughts and not anyone else’s. I feel at times that I would utilize the physical act of learning something instead of them researching on computers websites, etc. I also would have them use their own thoughts and try to learn to have an open mind to take in suggestions from other people. I will ensure that I give them the opportunity to learn from their own experiences with the help and guidance from myself and other adults. I feel this will get to use their own knowledge in cases where they don’t have the digital resources due to batteries going dead or don’t have the access.

Strategic plan Essay Example for Free

Strategic plan Essay The objective of this weeks assignment are to create a SWOT analysis for the Combat Sports Association to determine the internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization and the external opportunities and threats to organization. The assignment will also identify the legal and regulatory trends that need to be taken into consideration and how the CSA will adapt to changes in the industry. Major issues will be identified and classified to determine the importance of each issue in the analysis. SWOT ANALYSIS: Strength: Weakness Strategy- Provide quality service by staying true to the CSA vision, mission, and core values Structure- The structure for CSA is simplistic that it can be managed by the owner and an Administrative Executive and service rendered by contractors Resources- limited resources are needed for start up (capitol, facilities, computers, personnel Leadership- CSA leadership has a proven track record within the combat sports community Technology- CSA has very little knowledge of current technology application such as web design. Intellectual Property- All applicable regulatory requirements for SCA need to be written. Economic: Combat sports are currently the fastest growing sports in the U. S Technology: The growth in technology allows faster communication via social media, smart phones to allow for real time communication Innovation: By staying up to date on the changes/issues in the sports CSA will can stay of the leading edge of training officials and provide customers will the best service available Competitive Analysis: There is tremendous growth in the sports. There are more promoters than established sanctioning bodies. Resulting in a stronger market share for a reputable sanctioning body Legal/regulatory: Combat Sports legal/regulatory requirements vary from state to State Social: Changes in social values of promoters (ethics/morals) and competitors ( banned substances) require constant supervision Environmental: Exposure to blood borne pathogens by officials, competitors, and fans must be mitigated by ensuring testing and proper disposal of bio hazard materials Opportunity: Threat: The Combat Sports Association SWOT analysis provides key areas of focus for development of a strategic plan for operating a new sanctioning body for combat sports in Nevada. The external factors that will be looked at are legal and regulatory requirements in the combat sports industry and how CSA will apply these requirements to ensure customer compliance. CSA will look at the economical perspective in regards to the growth of combat sports in Nevada and the competitive analysis SCA will use to be a low-cost provider in a competitive market. These issues are classified as the external issues of CSA . The internal factor that will indentify the strengths and weaknesses of CSA will be Leadership, structure, resources, and intellectual property. The leadership provided to CSA customers and sub-contractors is a differentiating value chain activity that sets CSA apart from competitors. CSA is structured as a flat organization to provide a simplistic communication with customers and contractor and eliminate costs to maximize profit. Few physical resources and overhead are needed to develop CSA in the combat sports industry. The most significant hurdle to overcome fro CSA is the development of intellectual property that will set CSA apart from the competition. These issues are classified as the internal issues of CSA. The two largest hurdles for CSA are the legal and regulatory factors (external) and the intellectual property (internal). Legal and regulatory factors were identified as a threat based on governmental laws of the state of Nevada. The Nevada State Athletic Commission (NSAC) is the office of primary responsibility (OPR) that sets the regulatory guidance of combat sports in Nevada. This is accomplished through N. R. S 467 and N. A. C. 467 making compliance mandatory for all sanctioning bodies within Nevadas jurisdiction. CSA must comply with these standards and stay attuned to any changes, adapt to any changes of the law. One example is the policy changes for Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) for combat sports athletes. The intellectual property for the SCA must be written to comply with the regulatory requirements of the NSAC. SCA classified intellectual property as an internal issue and weakness. CSA intellectual property is the policies and procedures that the organization will operate from and the standards operating procedures that its customers/promoters/athletes will abide by. The intellectual property has for CSA has yet to be written. Until the CSAs regulatory guidance is written CSA will be unable to operate within the state of Nevada. The economic factor was classified as an external issue and indentified as strength for CSA. Combat Sports in the U. S. , particularly Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is the fastest growing sport. With the interest in the sports growing more gyms that cater to the mixed martial artist are opening. Those athletes that wish to compete seek out organizations they wish to compete for. This results in more events being put on by promoters. There is more business minded people investing in becoming promoters. As this growth continues it means more opportunity and work for sanctioning bodies. The CSA can take advantage of this growth in the MMA by conducting a competitive analysis to determine its place in the market. The competitive analysis was classified as strength for CSA because it beat the competition in all but one category. This gives CSA a strong competitive position in the sanctioning body market. Competitive Analysis CSA Rival 1 Rival 2 Quality performance 10 8 7 Reputation/Image 10 7 6 Service Capabilities 10 8 7 Competence Capabilities 9 9 7 Financial Resources 8 9 8 Geographical Infrastructure 9 8 8 Un-weighted Strength Assessment 56 49 43 The leadership of CSA is classified as an internal factor and identified as strength. One of the key factors is the experience the leadership has in the combat sports industry and over 21 years of providing quality control for regulatory standards. CSAs leadership has a proven track record within the industry for adherence to regulatory compliance and leading promoters to compliance rather than forcing them. The leadership is recognized as a subject matter expert within the state for matters concerning combat sports and is often recommended by NSAC to consult with new promoters prior to state licensing. The CSA leadership is a resident of the state of Nevada; where-as rival companies are out of state residents. This allows CSA leadership to frequently meet with NSAC on key issues and provide on-site supervision for customers/promoters event. All the experience and expertise has allowed the CSA leadership to develop a vision, mission, and core values that will allow SCA to achieve unprecedented success in a growing industry. The Structure of SCA flat this allows for direct communication to all functional areas of the CSA. This also is effective in cutting costs. By maintaining a flat structure CSA management speaks directly with customers and subcontractors on all matter to facilitate continuous improve to relationships and processes. For example; if a customers CFO needs a specific information on CSA officials travel itinerary they can call CSA management or the officials directly or if the customers administrative executive needs statistical data from previous event they can call CSA management directly. One of the benefits of a flat structure is that CSA provides customers with a hands-on approach to dealing with the customers needs. This creates a friendly and trusting environment. Another benefit to a flat structure is that it alleviates the high costs of multiple management and employees costs. With a flat structure that outsources key positions to subcontractors CSA can focus directly on maximizing profits. Customers/promoter will pay the subcontractors directly and only pay CSA the event representative fee and the standard sanctioning fee for services rendered. The resources factors was classified as an internal strength because there are very little resources and overhead needed to start up a sanctioning body. Essentially the initial resources needed are a computer, home office, and standard office supply. Very little capitol is needed to start this business. Some additional costs will be a business license, incorporation fees, legal fees to ensure contracts with customers are properly written to reduce CSA liabilities. CSA has established relationships with the best subcontractor/officials (Referees, judges, timekeepers, scorekeepers, inspectors, and physicians) in the combat sports industry. These relationships will help CSA move forward to become the premiere sanctioning body in Nevada. By using qualified and training officials CSA will create a culture of safe and fair competition for its customers that will attract the best competitors. This will result in a larger fan base for the promoters thus generating higher ticket sales and increased revenue. The comprehensive SWOT analysis conducted by CSA has achieved compound result that provides CSA with multiple areas of focus. It identified the internal strength and weaknesses of the organization. The opportunity and threat identified external factor that need to be focused on. The competitive analysis provided a current snapshot of how CSA currently ranks within the industry. The SWOT analysis also shows CSA where it can make improvements. The overall assessment for CSA is that it can gain a considerable market share of the combat sports industry within Nevada considering the growth of combat sports.

Elaborate And Explain The Impact Of Globalization Economics Essay

Elaborate And Explain The Impact Of Globalization Economics Essay Globalization is a process which allows for the entire world to get closer than it otherwise tends to be. This can be seen by the extensive growth and the development of the many multinational firms which tends to bring societies and economies much closer than they normally tend to be. Another example of globalization can also be the extensive growth of multinationals such as mc Donalds all around the world. Apart from this an increasing growth of communication networks such as the internet is another instance elaborating upon the extensiveness of globalization. In addition to this, another example can be the terrorists attacks of 9/11. Apart from this the spread of diseases such as AIDS and improvements in technology saving lives all over is yet another example of globalization. There may be numerous explanations to elaborate and explain the impact of globalization. In particular there are about two main schools of thought which may elaborate upon the impacts which globalization may have upon the world economy. The fist school of thought referred to as liberalism is explained to be the opinion which has a belief that an increasing level of globalization is not good for the economy. according to this perspective globalization implies that the richer become and continue to exploit the poor and get richer and on the other hand the poorer continues to being exploited and get even poorer than the normally are. However, this opinion may be subject to criticism by a number of those who believe that a growing amount of globalization may be desirable for the economies. Perhaps one of the many explanations to support this can be the economic theory of absolute and competitive advantage. According to this theory, there may be a growing level of output in the world economy if the countries around the world produce only the output which they are good and have a competitive advantage producing at. Therefore, according to this theory, if India is good at producing cotton while Japan is good at machinery, then it should be ensured that India only produces cotton and Japan machinery and then trade is ensured to allow for a greater level of output. This theory of comparative advantage helps to support and ensure a greater world output by globalization and greater exchange. Globalization Definitions There are numerous ways and means by which people have sought to explain globalization. Some of those definitions to explain globalization are as follows: 1- Kiely ET. Al said: Globalization refers to a world in which societies, cultures, polities and economies have, in some sense, come closer together.(Kiely et. al, 1998, p.3). 2- Economic dimension. The concept of globalization has emerged since the 1990s and can be defined in various ways. Giddens (1990) defined globalization as the intensification of world-wide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.(Kiely et. al, 1998, p.3). 3-Tom J. Palmer of the Cato Institute defines globalization as the diminution or elimination of state-enforced restrictions on exchanges across borders and the increasingly integrated and complex global system of production and exchange that has emerged as a result 4-Saskia Sassen writes that a good part of globalization consists of an enormous variety of micro-processes that begin to denationalize what had been constructed as national whether policies, capital, political subjectivity, urban spaces, temporal frames, or any other of a variety of dynamics and domains 5-the United Nations ESCWA has written that globalization is a widely-used term that can be defined in a number of different ways. When used in an economic context, it refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, and services and labor although considerable barriers remain to the flow of labor -World Bank, IMF, WTO role in making international policy in markets ((globalization)) It is important to note that the role of the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO is important when it comes to the international markets. these international organizations are in continuous collaboration with one and other to form allow and encourage globalization which in turn tends to be the basic and the most widespread institution of the world today (ARMITAGE, 2005). Apart from this, there are a number of other aims and objectives of the three collaborating organizations. One of such other aim of the organization is also to allow for poverty alleviation. There are a number of programmes launched by an active collaboration of the World Bank the IMF and the WTO to remove poverty in a number of countries around the globe. This is particularly achieved by calibrating with the local government. In this regard there are a number of poverty reduction strategy papers. These papers are prepared by country authoritiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to describe a comprehensive economic, structural and social policy framework that is being implemented to promote growth and reduce poverty in the country. (IMF 2005c.) However, it is important to know that the functions and the work of the three organizations may not always be in black and white. It might be difficult to allow for the distinction to take place and the differences in the various tasks that are usually performed are on mere ideological basis. Although there is no doubt that the three institutions play a major role in the entire world s economic conditions, it may be questionable as to how they function, and in particular whose side or support they stand for. It may be that their stance may be different then what appears to be at the face of it. One of the many opinions or school of thought in regards to this issue maybe the Marxist school of thought. As per the Marxist school it may very likely be that the US government tends to use these institutions in order to allow for a greater domination and a greater expansion of theory state power. in other words they may use it as a means to exercise their global dominance and sustain it for a long period of time (Held and McGrew 2002: pp 62.) their argument suggested that the many plans by the US to help and aid the other relatively poorer countries are merely attempts by the US to ensure that there is no mass scale upheaval and protest in relation to the unequal policies and strategies used by the US. This can in particular be seen and evaluated by the liberal-capitalist model. (Held and McGrew 2002: pp 62) On the other hand globalists may completely differ in their stance towards the three organizations. According to them, globalists believe that the arguments of the globalists maybe at fault. It might as well be that the three organizations are actively serving to indeed help and alleviate poverty. The fact that the organizations have been collaborating with the NGOs and the local government along with the trade unions and charitable organizations are aspects which tend to support the positivist bought by the three main world organizations. -the globalization in neo-liberalist theory Neo liberalism refers to an increasing amount of focus upon the allocation of resources from the private to the public sector. In other words, there is an increasing emphasis upon consumerism, an increasing amount of efficiency and a greater level of output in the private sector. When considering an amalgamation of the globalization in the economy with respect to the neo liberist theory, there has to be two issues which are essentially important to be taken into consideration. First and fore mostly is the increasing amount of effect that globalization has upon the government policies which often tend to ensure that their respective countries are not completely surrendered towards globalization. Globalization and Social Policy wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn) 2-The rate of change in output from the current year to the next year. www.canequity.com/mortgage-resources/ The role of globalization in the factors of economic growth (positive) Income distribution: there may be arguments and an evidence of materials especially the one by the World Bank to argue that an increase in globalization has reduced the income inequalities of the world. This in particular can be seen by the fact that the countries which are the most globalize tends to have the least inequality in its distribution of income and wealth. Quality of life: there is a general belief that an increasing level of globalization is directly related to improving living standards of the world. This may be possible due to an extensive level of exchange in technology. For instance, the development of any life saving drug may seek to increase the living standards of the general world population. The role of globalization in the factors of economic growth (negative) A. Quality of life: however, it may not necessarily be that an increase in globalization would definitely improve the life quality. An example might be that of tourism. It may be useful to assume that globalization has lead to an increasing amount of tourists but then it might a swell be that the loss of the traditional simple and happy lifestyle of perhaps a fisherman is no more the case and has been completely altered. In this case globalization has had a negative implication on the living standards if the people. B. Consumerism it has also been held that an increasing amount of globalization may also lead to an increasing level of consumerism which refers to an excess of wants then what is required or a good living. This may mean that the consumers may become excessively dependant on such goods to attain a desirable living standard. C. Equitable Growth it is also important to note that an increasing amount of globalization may not always be beneficial to the economy. There may be a need to have a more sustainable growth but perhaps due to the increasing pressure on natural resources and the need for it to being conserved for the next generation. However, if sustainable growth in the economy is not achieved as it might be in the case of industries developed at a fast rate then this may lead to an increasing amount of difficulties for the future. How can globalization promote economic growth? Globalization may have increasing amount of impacts on the economic growth of the country. It may directly seek as a means of living due to perhaps employment of people in multinational companies. this holds especially true for the developing countries where these multinational seek to allow for employment and also lead an n=increasing amount of investments into the country. This may in particular; ad to economic growth and maximize the output of the country. Apart from this, increasing demand for local goods by the foreigner may also be helpful in increasing the level of output ad income in the economy. What is the relation between economic growth and globalization? The countries that attempt the globalization policies in their life style they has faster economic growth. Examples can be found among Chinese, Indian states, and the countries of Bangladesh and Vietnam. On the other hand some countries were failed, such as Afghanistan or the Democratic Republic of the Congo in embarking the globalization strategies like some domestic reforms, many social service provision. Worldwide act, that provided access to foreign markets, technology, and aid. **Poverty reduction: Introduction Even today more than one fifth of the worlds population lives on less than $1 per day. Moreover, there is still poverty spreading out in several developing nations. This is a major concern for many particularly because world statistics indicate that 6 billion people, 2.8 billion live on less than $US2 a day, and 1.2 billion live on less than $US1 a day, while more than 800 million people are said to be malnourished (WDR 2000-2001). Moreover, the world population comprising the poor is very unevenly spread out with about one fourth of the population centered on Asian region comprising just seven countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). An approximation indicates that there might be around 800 million poor people lining in these areas. (Rasul 1997:51). Thus, poverty for such nations may be a crucial aspect and forms their primary priority to be solved. Definition Poverty is one of the greatest hurdles the world could ever face. Despite many attempts o eliminate it still remains a crucial concerns amongst many nations. It can be seen as one of the issues which tend to hinder development, particularly amongst the developing nations. Even amongst the developed nations it still continues to be problematic as it is still prevalent there. Social and economic problems such as unemployment, illiteracy, malnutrition, diseases, bad housing, and lack of access to social services are often found to correlate and coexist with poverty. And as these problems imply that individual find it difficult to lead an easy life. In other words poverty implies malnutrition; lack of shelter; being sick and not being able to see a doctor; literacy; unemployment fear of the future, living one day at a time; powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom. These are the many problems of poverty which should be sought an escape from. (NCHADI MOFALADI, 2005) ((Shorter and paraphrasing)) Another definition by the World Bank study In the present state of our understanding of the poverty syndrome, there is no theoretical framework within which poverty can be satisfactorily explained in its entirety Other definition The UNDP (1997: 2) defines poverty as denial of choices and opportunities for living a tolerable life. On the other hand also poverty can be defined as the situation, which impedes an individual or a family to satisfy one or more needs and to participate fully in social life. (Morales 1994:16). These needs include health, education, housing, social security, and basic communication etc. Causes of poverty: Take in general The positive impact of globalization in poverty reduction Economic integration has positive effects on growth and poverty reduction, especially within a developing economy. In short, as Kiely et. al (1998) presented, as three main aspects of globalization, international trade, capital flows as well as transnational corporations have good and favorable impact on poverty. These positive implications of globalization for poverty are respectively analyzed in details as followed. The negative impact of poverty reduction Attempts and programmes to low for poverty reduction may imply that help provided to the poor perhaps by allowing for better housing facilities or so may make them inefficient and they may start to rely more and more and increasingly upon the state and the NGOs for help. How can the globalization reduce the poverty? Æ’ËÅ" Economic globalization reduces poverty and income inequality neo liberal economic globalization strongly believe that globalization is a benign force for social transformation, which through free trade and capital mobility is creating a global market, civilization in which prosperity, wealth power and liberal democracy are being diffused widely in all direction of the globe. The IMF also helped to allow for poverty alleviation. In this regard the loans to remove poverty came not from the IMF but from the commercial and investment banks in the private sector. The increasing OPEC oil prices had allowed for a greater amount of cash to be in flowed into the banks and these were landed to the developing countries to allow for a greater amount of loans and to earn heavy interest. However, these plans were soon failed because the developing countries failed to progress with the loans that they were given. Rather, they found it difficult to return back the loans. This had been due to the high oil prices due to which the balance of payment has gone into a deficit and soon they were out of cash. At this point in time when the debts were no longer being services, the IMF stepped in allow for loans to these nations directly. An oil fund was also set in to allow for money to the developing nation. Case study Comparison between the case studies 5.1. Introduction: The table below would seek to outline the comparison of the developing and globalize countries and would explain how the many globalize countries have developed extensively due to their globalization policies. The growth rate and whether the countries adopt globalization have also been mentioned. Note that the growth rates for the year 2009 have been given: Country globalize growth rate Thailand yes 5% Congo no 3% Malaysia yes 6.1% China yes 8.7% India yes 6.5% Kenya no 3% In the early 1980s China was among the poorest countries with more than 60 percent of its population living on less than $1 a day. However, now China is considered to be the most striking recent example of success story of globalization. Chinas poverty was cut in half by 1990 and in half again by 2001. In China, life expectancy rose by four years, from 66.8 to 70.7 years from 1980 to 2002, and infant mortality fell from 49 to 32 per 1000 live births (WB, WDR, 2005). China now has become an important trade power in the world. The share of Merchandise trade in GDP has increased significantly during the 1990s and reached 60.1 percent in 2003 as compared to 32.5 percent in 1990. The annual average Growth rate of export of goods and services is about 27 percent in 2003 and 2004. Similarly, the import growth was about 25 percent in those years. In spite of chinas perceived success which is captured by an increase in growth as attributed to globalization, the debate still exist as to the need or relevance of Globalization for developing countries. This leads to the following research questions stated below. The last 4 decades of internationalization in Thailand manufacturing has become increasingly dominant. The more globalize countries: China, Argentina, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, China, India, Nepal, Cà ´te d Ivoire, Rwanda and Haiti: These countries have all undertaken reforms perceived as positive, such as investment liberalization, stabilization and property rights. Conclusion The mainstream view also argues that if a poor country wants to catch up with the rich country, it should become more global into the world market, which is manifested through opening up its borders, reducing tariff rates, attracting foreign capital, and so on. Thus it can be seen that by globalizing the countries would definitely have a better advantage and a greater deal of earnings than it would otherwise have it does not globalize and operates in a closed economy. Operating in a closed economy would imply that the country refuses to trade. Note that in such a case the three organizations, namely the world trade organization (WTO), the international monetary fund (IMF) and the World Bank would not be very appreciative of the foreign policy and the fact that an increasing amount of protectionism is being applied by the country. This in turn would mean that in case the country gets into any state of economic recession or is perhaps hasten by poverty or any other such problem it might as well be less likely for these organizations to lend a helping hand to the country. This in turn may prove to be a genuine concern for that particular country, especially when looking at it in case of any possible trouble. However if we compare this issue to that of a country which tends to be a globalize it can be seen that globalization tends to potray a very favorable and good image of the country. For instance, let us look at India as an example. After coming out of the increasing amount of protectionist policies that the country had, it could be seen that India entered a new phase of development. Perhaps one of the best and greatest advantages that India had after it started globalizing was that of tourism. Tourism in India helped the country earn an increasing level of foreign exchange and also let it to develop. However, tourism is just one of the many advantages which globalization brings with it. One of the other great advantage that globalization tends to bring with it also tends to be that of an increase exchange of information and data all across the world. Thus any improvements in technology in one corner of the world can very easily be available and accessible to the other part of the wor ld. An example of this can be the development of the GPRS system of technology or what is commonly also referred to as the global repositioning system of technology. This means of sharing information all across the glove was possible only through an extensive level of globalization all across the world. Not only has this, but globalization helps and promises bettered living standards to each and every inhabitants of the world. One of the way in which it is done so by allowing a far greater level of goods and services to be available to individuals all over the world. for instance, if as fruit such as strawberries are not grown or available in India, then globalization and an extensive level of world trade ensures that those goods and services which in this case tends to be the fruits is made available to other. Another way of an improvement in the living standards can be seen by the way there are more and more services available to all the countries as a result of globalization. thus for instance, if a [particular country lacks educational facilities, globalization makes in easier and more convenient to avail those facilities. an example of such a service can be the cie examination service which have been spreading out to an increasing amount of countries across the globe. although initially just set up for the UK, globalization allowed an increasing number of individuals to avail the examination services and therefore this allows for an important indicator promising better living standards. Another such practical advantage which can be closely seen as a result of globalization can also be that of Dubai. Initially exporting mainly oil, Dubai learned to expand and allow more tourists into the country, thereby allowing an increasing inflow of investments to enter within the country. This in turn helped up to boost the markets of Dubai and led to an increasing level of foreign investments. these investments indeed proved to be very helpful fort he economy of Dubai because following this investment there was an increasing level of growth in the country even after the economic recession which took place all across the globe. Apart from this, there is also another issue of recognition. It is most commonly held that the countries which tend to be more globalized have a greater cognition in the international economy. As a result these countries often are supported and favored when there is any international issue coming up and the particular economy needs lot of support. On the other hand, an economy which lacks in it the element of globalization and tends to keep to it would have a greater difficulty in trying to maintain up to its image and gain an increasing amount of support internationally. However, if we compare these advantages that a globalize nation has against those which a no globalize nation often tends to have it can be seen that a globalize nation has a stronger support form the international organization and thus has a lesser chance of not receiving any help from internationally. Not only this but the relative advantages which a globalize nation tends to have in comparison to a nation which is not at all globalize implies that globalization has far greater benefits than those which otherwise appear of to be. After seeing the difference between the global and less global countries it has been obvious that globalization have many benefits to all especially to reduce poverty and on promoting economic growth for every one developed countries and un developed ones ( the third world).

Quality Management Essay example -- Business Management

Deming’s 14 points were first applied to Japan and United States manufacturing but the philosophy can be applied to many different industries now. The theories can be applied to healthcare, including Long Term Acute Care Hospitals (LTACH). These types of hospitals are not as common to people, but were created to deliver care based on patient’s needs. This paper will look at an LTACH located in Denver and like many healthcare facilities, employee morale is down due budget cuts and the rising cost of healthcare. A total quality management program could potentially help the facility develop new processes that allow for positive changes. Deming’s 14 Points could be applied to this hospital and help give direction to the leadership staff of the philosophy needed to make the changes. Dr. W Edwards Deming was a statistician who did not use the word total quality management, but can be accredited with the first movement of these types of programs (Gautschi, 1992). The end product is different than manufacturing but the idea of getting the best possible end product is the same. To understand why the program would help the hospital the organization needs to be explained. Deming’s 14 could be used in the transformation because of theory base of statistical information. Deming’s 14 points would also bring direction and needed transformation to the hospital. Background of hospital The intent of long term acute care is to allow people to move from the acute care hospitals into an environment where they can get more attention and services for a longer period of time (http://www.aha.org/advocacy-issues/postacute/ltach/index.shtml). With four Chief Executive Officers, three Clinical Directors and four Human Resource Managers in the pas... ...be applied to many industries including long term acute care hospitals. By measuring and analyzing statistical information, managers can help to implement a new quality management program. The most important pieces for this hospital would be adopting the philosophy, always trying to improve and self-education. The hospital will also need to institute leadership to begin the process. Without the leadership, the changes necessary will not occur. Works Cited Albert, J., & Gilligan, K. (1990). Ready for quality? How one hospital introduced the Deming method. Hospital Topics, 68(2), 7. Cohen, P. (n.d.). Deming’s 14 points. Retrieved from http://www.hci.com.au/hcisite2/articles/deming.htm Darr, K. (1990). Applying the Deming method in hospitals. Hospital Topics, 68(1), 4. Gautschi, D. F. (1992). 14 points to improve quality. Design News, 48(17), 224.

Five Proofs That God Exists Essays -- thomas aquinas, summa theologica

Instinctually, humans know that there is a greater power in the universe. However, there are a few who doubt such instinct, citing that logically we cannot prove such an existence. St. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Theologica, wrote of five proofs for the existence of God. The Summa Theologica deals with pure concepts; these proofs rely on the world of experience - what one can see around themselves. In these proofs, God will logically be proven to exist through reason, despite the refutes against them. St. Thomas’s five proofs rely on the causality of God. Causality, in simple terms, is the fact that you cannot make something greater from lesser parts; the more perfect does not come from the less perfect. In order for something to exist, there must be something greater to have caused it to exist. This means that you cannot trace back causes infinitely - there must be a first, uncaused cause. Therefore, there must be something that caused everything. This we call God. One of the first things that must be said, is that God does not exist. At least, he does not exist as a physical thing. God is not something among all the other things in this world, like a tree, building, or rock. God does not exist in that sense. Instead, according to St. Thomas, God is existence. The first way St. Thomas argues for the existence of God is with the Argument from Motion. The Argument from Motion consists of five main points. The first states that our senses prove that some things are in motion. For St. Thomas, motion didn’t just mean movement as with a car moving down the road from point A to point B or any other thing physically moving from one place to another. St. Thomas takes the Aristotelian sense of the word, which he defined as... ...potentiality to be. For example, a cat cannot give birth to a dog. Simply because it does not biologically have the potential to do it. In the same way, an object cannot suddenly become what it does not have the potential to be. On the other hand, what caused God? If everything didn’t exist, than what caused God to exist? Nothing created God, He has always existed There can only be one being that can be uncaused. If there were more than one uncaused being, then beings would have potential. They would be striving to be what the other uncaused being is. This counteracts what an uncaused being is. It’s impossible because it would make an uncaused cause no longer be a being that is pure act. The being or beings would potentially be striving to be more than it or the other is. Works Cited Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologica. New York: Benziger Bros., 194748.

Diversity of individuals with dementia and the importance of inclusion Essay

1.1- explain what is meant by the terms †¢ diversity The Service Users i deliver care to are all different in many ways.This can be along the dimensions of gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, physical abilities, political beliefs, religious beliefs or other ideologies. This means that i have to be aware of a person’s individuality and respect their choices. To be understanding and not show prejudice. Valuing the benefits of someone being different from ourselves, not making assumptions. †¢ anti-discriminatory practice Anti discriminatory practice is the measure that is taken to prevent any type of discrimination that is based on race, disability, gender and class where it also takes into account how people behave towards others in society. Service users should not be treated any differently because of the way they live their lives, they should be treated equally. Promoting procedures and systems to make sure that discrimination does not happen. Making sure individuals aren’t excluded. †¢ anti-oppressive practice see more:describe how agreed ways of working relate to the rights of an individual with dementia Anti-oppressive practise is challenging all forms of discrimination e.g. racism, ageism. Challenging inequality and speaking out when someones behaviour is unacceptable. Encouraging service users to report incidents. Being assertive. Using person centred approach. Valuing individuals. Anti-oppressive practice is an attempt within social work to acknowledge oppression in societies, economies, cultures, and groups, and to remove or negate the influence of that oppression. (http://uk.ask.com/wiki/Anti-oppressive_practice?lang=en) 1.2- explain why it is important to recognise and respect an individual’s heritage It is important to recognise and respect an individual’s heritage as their heritage is their past life history , it can tell us a lot about the individual, especially if their lacking in communication skills and  cannot tell us themselves. If we know more about the history of a person with dementia, we can learn their likes and dislikes. We get to know what makes them happy or what makes them sad and then we can deliver the best care possible. It shows that we respect the individuals culture, language, religion which enables the service user to be themselves. It would help the service user to feel valued, and prevent isolation and withdrawal from other people. It would benefit us to build a rappour with the service user, enabling them to form relationships with others 1.3- describe why an individual with dementia may be subjected to discrimination and oppression People with dementia face discrimination for a number of reasons. Because most people with dementia are over the age of 65, they can also face issues of age discrimination. People with dementia are also more at risk of discrimination as they do not have the capacity to make their own decisions on a day to day basis so other people with a lack of understanding towards people living with dementia may make poor decisions for them, and think that because they don’t have capacity that they don’t matter as much. If approached by somebody who doesnt understand the illness, they are more likely to avoid that person with dementia as they dont know how to approach the situation, this could lead to social isolation. May be because they have displayed challenging behaviour and they do not conform to the norms of behaviour,they then may not be included in activities. 1.4- describe how discrimination and oppressive practice can be challenged To challenge discrimination i think we need to be educated about dementia, how it affects the person and there families and how to care for the person in a way that meets there needs.We are all individuals and everyone has their own unique character and personality, which are developed through the different life experiences, cultures and beliefs we follow. It is also through other factors such as social class, age, ethnicity, culture, background and gender. It is important and essential to treat different people as individuals and to try and meet their needs rather than stereotyping people. E.g. all old people are the same. Treating everyone the same is failing to respect diversity. We all want to be treated with dignity and it is a very important part of an individual’s life. Working in the health and social care profession it is important to help people maintain  their dignity so they can keep their sense of self-respect and self-worth. All health and social care professionals should be sensitive and aware of the needs of people and service users. Just because a person has dementia, they still need to be given a choice and not assume that they cannot make a choice. Not everybody is the same, there are different levels of dementia, so getting to know the service user is vital to challenge discrimination. We also need to make sure that the service user or their families are aware of the complaints procedure. Having policies and procedures are put in place and that staff are up to date on their training. Understand that each individual’s experience of dementia is unique 2.1- explain why it is important to identify an individual’s specific and unique needs It is important to identify individual’s specific and unique needs so that they can receive the best care possible. Taking a person centred approach is vital, treating a service user as an individual person and acknowledge that they have different needs to the next person. For example i have a Service User DR who has a grade 3 bedsore. DR is bed bound, it has been identified that DR needs to be turned regularly so that his bedsore can heal affectively, he requires 5 calls a day to make this possible. This is so important to his health. If this hadn’t been identified than DR’s bedsore could get worse, he could be in a lot of pain and discomfort. 2.2- compare the experience of dementia for an individual who has acquired it as an older person with the experience of an individual who has acquired it as a younger person Dementia is more common in people over the age of 65, therefore there are more services provided, such as day care, i recently worked a couple of days in a day centre, all the service users were over 65, we played bingo, dominoes and listened to old war time songs, they got involved and really enjoyed the time they spent there. All these activities are centred around the service users being older. If a younger person under the age of 65 with dementia was to attend this day centre, they may not be able to relate or enjoy these activities as much. I don’t think there are as many serviced available to the young living with dementia. Most of my service users are over 65. I did have one service user AK that was only 46. She was very independent and could still manage day to day living; she often went out and was very active. She conversated very well and was aware of her illness which is a rarity. But there was no other service available for her,  no where that she could meet other young people with dementia. She didn’t have much family, she had a sister who also had dementia, and young nieces and nephews, so they were unable to provide any care or support. This differs from someone older with dementia, if they have children they are normally older, have more time if they have retired, less financial commitments ie. Mortgage paid off. So they have a bigger support network. They also may have have less financial ties if they are older. If a younger person is diagnosed with dementia, they may still have a mortgage to pay for this would be very stressful if the individual had to give up work, they don’t have a pension, or a regular income that they can rely on to pay for care. 2.3- describe how the experience of an individual’s dementia may impact on carers Many carers report personal satisfaction from their caring role. However unpaid caring can have a considerable impact on a carer’s health and wellbeing. Depression, emotional and physical exhaustion and general poor health are common. The Princess Royal Trust for Carers (2011) found that: Two thirds of older carers have long term health problems or a disability themselves One third of older carers reported having cancelled treatment or an operation they needed due to their caring responsibilities Half of all older carers reported that their physical health had got worse in the last year More than 4 out of 10 older carers said that their mental health had deteriorated over the last year. Caring can be an emotionally draining experience. Carers have to come to terms with irreversible and upsetting changes in their relationships, such as a child now caring for a parent. Caring can also be very lonely. Many carers report being cut off from their former social circles which brings feelings of isolation and depression. Two thirds of all people wi th dementia live in their own homes. Unpaid carers provide most of their support. One study found that half of all people with dementia in the community received at least 35 hours of informal care per week (Murray et al, 1999). Many carers of people with dementia are older people themselves, with physical frailty and health conditions of their own. Changes in memory, thinking and feeling mean a person with dementia finds it increasingly difficult to cope with everyday life. Carers are needed to provide emotional support, reassurance and help with a range of tasks, such as bathing and dressing. Sleep disturbances are common in dementia and mean that caring is a 24 hour job  for many carers. Carers of people with dementia may also take on many of the tasks the person with dementia used to do, such as paying the bills or cooking meals. Because dementia is a progressive condition, carers find they are required to provide increasingly intensive support as time progresses. Research shows that carers of people with dementia experience greater strain and distress than carers of other older people (Moise, Schwarzinger and Um 2004). 52% of carers for people with dementia are not getting sufficient support to enable them to carry out their caring role.

What Is Wpa

What is the WPA program? Will it help the economy? What are the advantages and Disadvantages? How much does it cost? These are all questions most Americans have when Obama planned to bring back the Work Progress Administration (WPA). I am going to tell you what WPA is and the pros and cons of it. During the Great Depression, anxious that the dole not become â€Å"narcotic,† in President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s words, the U. S. Congress in 1935 created the WPA to administer $5 billion for public works. The WPA's goal was to employ as many people as possible on projects that would provide long-term benefit to local communities. This created job’s to build bridges in disrepair, parks in shambles and fix boarded-up buildings. Ideally, workers would also receive on-the-job training to prepare them for further employment. For example, the WPA made a significant impact on Oklahoma. At the end of the day, of 166,000 Oklahomans certified for WPA jobs approximately 119,000 were employed at some point between 1935 and 1937. Including those recruited into a special drought-relief work program, more than half the state's work relief recipients were farmers. To assure that private employment remained appealing, project wages were lower than typical rates. Organized labor complained that the original unskilled rate of eighteen cents an hour depressed all wages. The Works Progress Administration (renamed during 1939 as the Work Projects Administration; WPA) was the largest and most determined new deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects. This is the same project Obama is trying to reinstate to better the millions of unemployed Americans today: economic relief, a new deal, one that keeps unemployment below double digits by focusing on refurbishing the United States. Like most notions or strategies there are pros and cons. The pro to this â€Å"New Deal† is the amount of jobs that will be created. The economic recovery bill by Democrats would spend two years putting more than 4 million Americans to work. Private corporations and city governments have already prepared more than 30,000 â€Å"shovel-ready† projects that need federal funding. But do we know what jobs will be provided or do we care? During the Great Depression, in our nation's capital, more than 100 men were paid to scare off pigeons. In Brooklyn, men and women worked as fire hydrant decorators. And in Boston, the government sponsored a project to make fish chowder. Indian tribes were paid to create new totem poles and other artifacts. Does this matter? What skills will they have once the WPA is over? For now, the $825 billion economic recovery plan doesn't get too specific about the jobs that might be available to the unemployed. But with $90 billion assigned for organization investment, this being said, construction worker, a transportation expert or just about anyone who works at an airport can expect better times ahead. Retrofitting federal buildings with up-to-date technology to save energy costs is a priority. 19 billion has been set aside for clean water, flood control and environmental restoration investments and ensuring that the United States builds on its digital capacity according to Ross Eisenbrey, the vice president of the Economic Policy Institute. Unlike the original WPA, which wrote checks directly to employees, the new bill is set up so that 90 percent of the projects will be privately run by corporations or nonprofits, which w ill send in proposals or bid on existing government contracts. Instead of the federal government assigning jobs, qualified workers will be pursued by project managers. The WPA employed more than 8. 5 million people at a total cost of some $11 billion in its eight years. It conducted more than 1. 4 million separate construction projects that built: over 650,000 miles of roads, nearly 1,000 bridges, 125,000 buildings, 8,000 parks, over 800 airplane landing strips, 3,000 tennis courts, 3,300 storage dams, and 5,800 mobile libraries. Bringing this program back will bring the U. S. out of the depression we are in now. During the first WPA there was a problem of race and uneven pay; will this be issues again? Uneven distribution of pay was along regional and racial lines. The national monthly WPA wage in 1936 was $52, but in the south it was $23. WPA regulations stipulated that a prospective WPA worker could not refuse private employment at pay rates prevailing in his/her community. Since the prevailing wage was lower for blacks, blacks refusing a $3 a week private job might be denied WPA employment. I know that this was a completely different time period but let’s be honest there are still close minded people and this might be another issue or disadvantage to consider. There are several different opinions on how our country should be ran, some agree with the WPA programs and others do not understand it. This is one opinion, â€Å"the logic of WPA has got me totally baffled: if a nation can afford to pay people to do infrastructure improvement via WPA, presumably it can afford to pay regular contractors to do the same thing. And the latter would do the job more efficiently than WPA. † Is spending money on another government program a disadvantage? â€Å"Then it means we have wasted hundreds of billions of dollars, piling up additional debt for us and our children. † Ralph Musgrave. If the money the government is going to use to create more jobs is not good investments, what happens? No just good investments but long enough, will we being going through this again in 50 years. Other questions are will the WPA spending be quick enough to stimulate the economy? As I stated above, more than 100 men were paid to scare off pigeons. In Brooklyn, men and women worked as fire hydrant decorators. And in Boston, the government sponsored a project to make fish chowder. While the WPA created a job for these individuals, what trait or skill were they supposed to use after the program was over? If Obama wants to bring this program back we need to create more jobs with better skills. All this being said I am for the WPA coming back as long as we work out the miner kinks. Bringing this program back will bring the U. S. out of the depression we are in now. The Works Progress Administration (renamed during 1939 as the Work Projects Administration; WPA) was the largest and most determined new deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects. If Obama reinstates this program millions of unemployed Americans today will be in economic relief. We need a â€Å"new deal†, one that keeps unemployment around four percent by focusing on restoring the United States.

Child Is His Own Creator

Then, what will be the role of adults ? It is such a miracle how a baby is created in a mothers womb. The knowledge which they have gained in their past births. Who thought them to cry to express their feeling of hunger or uneasiness. Child is his own creator for sure! Then what Is the adult's role ? There Is a lot of potential hidden Inside every child which sprouts out and grows well when given the right environment,right help or guidance.The first expectation of a child from an adult/ mother is LOVE. Love is a magical power which can turn a most toughest job into a cake walk. Love,patience and modesty and most Importantly even though the child may be smaller than us we need to give him RESPECT as an Individual human belong,who has his own self esteem ,likes and disk- likes. An adult should first understand that child's character Is the mirror reflection of his parent's character or of the people with whom they are growing.Whatever the child Is gifted with in his inner potential, i f he/ she does not get the right place/ environment o thrive and grow and if he gets exposed to the danger of all his capacities and potentials going of waste and even turning into negative way depending on the environment and the people with whom he Is growing with. If the adult is having any bad habits,they should change themselves first. We will have to understand the value of giving and taking respect and love.Show love and respect to the child ,he Intern will show the same to one and all and make us feel happy. Affably It's all about the attitude which Is more Important than what he Is going to learn academically. Children are precious gift from God and we need to make sure they grow In a safe and happy environment and what ever we give them during their developmental years will have nurture them and develop them into as lovable and respectable adults in the society.They learn a lot by looking at the adults so it's our responsibility to make sure we project the right behavior a nd right attitude towards them. Allow the child to develop in his own pace as decided by mother nature and once he has the right attitude,right support and a right environment to grow and learn the hill will develop into a lovable and respectable human being and with love,patience and perseverance he will win over anything and everything In this world. Child is his own creator?Then, what will be the role of adults ? Then what is the adult's role ? There is a lot of potential hidden inside every child magical power which can turn a most toughest Job into a cake walk. Love,patience and modesty and most importantly even though the child may be smaller than us we need to give him RESPECT as an individual human being,who has his own self An adult should first understand that child's character is the mirror reflection of his parent's character or of the people with whom they are growing.Whatever the child is environment and the people with whom he is growing with. Respect to the child ,he intern will show the same to one and all and make us feel happy. Finally it's all about the attitude which is more important than what he is going Children are precious gift from God and we need to make sure they grow in a safe and perseverance he will win over anything and everything in this world.

Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) Essay

Introduction: Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetrical emergency that can follow vaginal or cesarean delivery. It is a major cause of maternal morbidity and one of the top three causes of maternal mortality in both high and low per capital income countries, although the absolute risk of death in much lower in high income countries (1 in 100,000 versus 1 in 1000 births in low income countries). Furthermore, hemorrhage is the leading cause of admission of the intensive care unit and the most preventable cause of maternal mortality. The average blood loss following vaginal delivery, caesarean delivery and caesarean hysterectomy is 500 ml, 1000ml and 1500 ml respectively. Depending upon the amount of blood loss, post partum hemorrhage (PPH) can be- âž ¢ Minor (1L) âž ¢ Severe (10g/dl) so that the patient can withstand some amount of the blood loss. †¢ High risk patients who are likely to develop post partum hemorrhage (such as twins, hydramnios, grand multipara, APH, history of previous PPH, severe anemia) are to be screened & delivered in a well equipped hospital. †¢ Blood groping should be one for all women so that no time is wasted during emergency. †¢ Placental localization must be done in all women with previous caesarean delivery by USG or MRI to detect placenta accreta or percreta. †¢ Women with morbid adherent placenta are at high risk of PPH. Such a case should be delivered by a senior obstetrician. A availability of blood & or blood products must be ensured before hand. Intranatal: †¢ Active management of the third stage, for all women in labour should be a routine as it reduces PPH by 60%. †¢ Women delivered by caesarean section, oxytocin 5 IU slow IV is to be given to reduce blood loss. †¢ Exploration of the utero-vaginal canal for evidence of trauma following difficult labour or instrumental delivery. †¢ Observation for about 2 hours often delivery to make sure that the uterus is hard and well contracted before sending her to ward. †¢ During caesarean section spontaneous separation & delivery of the placenta reduces blood loss (30%). Management of retained placenta: This diagnosis is reached when the placenta remains undelivered after a specified period of time (usually half to 1 hour following the baby’s birth). This is done to apply pressure to the placental site. The whole hand is introduced into the vagina in cone shaped fashion after separating the labia with the fingers of the other hand. the vaginal hand is clenched into a fist with the back of the hand directed posteriorly and the knuckles in the anterior fornix. The other hand is placed over the abdomen behind the uterus to make it anteverted. The uterus is firmly squeezed between the two hands. It may be necessary to continue the compression for a prolonged period until the (during the period, the resuscitative measures are to be continued). Manual removal of the placenta: The operation is done under general anaesthesia. The patient is placed in lithotomy position with all aseptic measures, the bladder is catheterized. One hand is introduced into the uterus after smearing with the antiseptic solution in cone shaped manner following the cord, which is made taut by the other hand. While introducing the hand, the labia are separated by the fingers of the other hand. The fingers of the uterine should locate the margin of the placenta. Counter pressure on the uterine fundus is applied by the other hand placed over the abdomen. The abdominal hand should steady the fundus & guide the movements of the fingers inside the uterine cavity till the placenta is completely separated. As soon as the placental margin is reached, the fingers are insinuated between the placenta & the uterine wall with the back of the hand in contact with the uterine wall. The placenta is gradually separated with a side ways slicing movement of the fingers, until whole of the placenta is separated. When the placenta is completely separated, it is extracted by traction of the cord by the other hand. The uterine hand is still inside the uterus for exploration of the cavity to be sure that nothing is left behind. i) Management of third stage bleeding: In this third stage of bleeding or hemorrhage, the bleeding occurs before expulsion of placenta. Principles âž ¢ To empty the uterus. âž ¢ To replace the blood. âž ¢ To ensure effective haemostasis. Steps of management: a) Placental site bleeding: âž ¢ To palpate the fundus and manage the uterus to make it hard. âž ¢ To start crystalloid with oxytocin at 60 drops /min and to arrange for blood transfusion if necessary. âž ¢ Oxytocin 10 units IM or methargin 0.2 mg. is given intravenously. âž ¢ To catheterize the bladder. âž ¢ To give antibiotics (ampicillin 2gm.and Metronidazole 500mg. IV). b) Traumatic bleeding: The utero vaginal canal is to be explored under general anaesthesia after the placenta is expelled. ii) Management of true post partum hemorrhage: In this true post partum hemorrhage the bleeding occurs subsequent to expulsion of placenta (majority). Management: âž ¢ Call for extra help involve the obstetric senior staff on call. âž ¢ Keep patient flat and warm. âž ¢ Send blood for diagnostic test. âž ¢ Infuse rapidly 2 litres of normal saline. âž ¢ Give oxygen by mask 10-15L/min. âž ¢ Monitor the pulse, blood pressure, urine output, drug type, dose and time. B. Secondary Post partum hemorrhage: Definition: Secondary post partum hemorrhage is bleeding from the genital tract more than 24 hours after delivery of the placenta and may occur upto 6 week later. The bleeding usually occurs between 8th to 14th day of delivery. Causes: The causes of late post partum hemorrhage are- 1. Retained bits of cotyledon or membranes (commonest) 2. Infection and separation of slough over a deep cervico-vaginal laceration. 3. Endometritis and sub involution of the placental site- due to delayed healing process. 4. Secondary hemorrhage from caesarean section wound usually occur between 10-14 days. 5. Withdrawal bleeding following oestrogen therapy for suppression of lactation. Clinical Manifestation: 1. The lochia are heavier than normal & recurrence of bright red flow. 2. Offensive lochia if infection is a contributory factor. 3. Sub involution of uterus. 4. Pyrexia & tachycardia. Diagnosis: The bleeding is bright red and varying amount. Rarely it may be brisk. Varying degree of anemia & evidences of sepsis are present. Internal examination reveals evidences of sepsis, sub involution of the uterus & often patulous cervical OS. Ultrasonography is usual in detecting the bits of placenta inside the uterine cavity. Management: Principle: âž ¢ To assess the amount of blood loss & to replace it (transfusion) âž ¢ To find out the cause & to take appropriate steps to rectify it. Management: i) Massage the uterus if it is still palpable to bring about a contraction. ii) Express any clots. iii) Encourage the mother to empty her bladder. iv) Give an oxytocic drug such as ergometrine by intravenous or intramuscular route. v) Save all pads & lines to assess the volume of blood loss. vi) If retained products of conception are not seen on an ultrasound scan, the mother may be treated conservatively with antibiotic therapy and oral ergometrine. vii) Anemia is treated with iron supplement & in severe cases, blood is transfused. Nursing management of PPH: Assessment: 1. Assess maternal history for risk factors, plan accordingly and communicate to the perinatal area. 2. Assess pulse pressure, recording consistently less than 30bpm are consistent with hypertensive crisis. 3. Assess intake & output chart. 4. Assess location & firmness of uterine fundus. 5. Palpate the bladder distension, which may interfere with contracting of the uterus. 6. Inspect for intactness of any parineal area. Diagnosis: i) Deficit fluid volume related to blood loss as manifested by looking pale, dehydrated & decrease pulse rate. ii) Acute pain related to perineal discomfort from birth trauma and physiologic changes from births as monitored by wrinkled in forehead, restlessness & irritability. iii) imbalance nutrition less than body requirement related to restriction in food intake as manifested by fatigue, weakness and lethargic. iv) Sleeping pattern disturbance related to pain & bleeding as manifested by drowsiness, lethargic, irritated, etc. v) Risk for infection related to birth process & maintaining poor hygiene as manifested by patient’s verbal complain, irritable & discomfort. Goal: i) Monitoring for hypotension & bleeding. ii) Minimize the pain. iii) Improve nutritional status. iv) Improve sleep pattern. v) Reduce the risk for infection. Intervention: âž ¢ For 1st diagnosis: i) Monitor vital signs every 4 hours during the first 24 hours. ii) Assess vaginal discharge for clots and amount. iii) Maintained IV line as ordered by the doctor. âž ¢ For 2nd diagnosis: i) Assess pain level, location, duration and type also. ii) Provide comfortable position (i.e. supine position) iii) Administered medicine as prescribed by the doctor. âž ¢ For 3rd diagnosis: i) Assess the nutritional status of the patient. ii) Patient is advised to take liquid diet from 3rd day & solid from 4th day. iii) Weight in monitored daily. âž ¢ For 4th diagnosis: i) Sleep pattern is assessed. ii) Provide a neat and tidy bed to the patient. iii) Unnecessary procedures avoided during sleeping period. iv) Patient is advised to discourage day time sleeping. âž ¢ For 5th diagnosis: i) Assessed the level of infection, burning sensation and frequency of urination. ii) Washing hands & wearing gloves can reduce the risk for infection before doing any procedure. iii) Advised the patient to maintain the personal hygiene and also should teach how to take care of perineal area. Evaluation: i) Bleeding is reduced than before. ii) Patients pain level might be minimized. iii) Nutritional status of the patient is improved. iv) Patients sleep pattern is improved. v) Infection is controlled. Conclusion: Post Partum hemorrhage continued to be a leading cause of maternal morbidity & mortality. In this patient despite identification and attempt at correction of an identified clotting disorder, major obstetric hemorrhage was not avoided. However, these factors may be unavoidable and early surgical intervention as per local protocol is recommended to minimize maternal morbidity. After studying & presenting the seminar on the topic of PPH, I got a thorough idea about this disease and I am thankful to ma’am for giving me opportunity of presenting this topic. I think I can be able to import some amount of knowledge to the group & I will be able to provide proper care to such patient if I got in future. Bibliography: 1. C.D. Dutta â€Å"text book of obstetrics† 7th edition, new central book agency, page no- 410-418 2. Annamma Jacob â€Å"A comprehensive textbook of midwifery & Gynecological Nursing†, 3rd edition, Joypee brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd. 3. â€Å"Myhes Tex book for midwives†, edited by V. Rith Bennett Linda K. Brown, 12th edition. Page No- 462-470 4. Dr. Parulekar Shashank V., â€Å"Text book for midwives†, 2nd edition, voramidical publication. Page No- 351-356. 5. B. Basavanthappa T. â€Å"Essentials of midwifery & obstetrical Nursing†, 1st edition, Jaypee Brothers medical publishers. Page No- 544-555. 6. w.w.w.urmc.rochester.edu>URMC>Health Encyclopedia âž ¢ w.w.w.birth.com.au>Labour & Birth. âž ¢ w.w.w.rcog.org.uk>Home>women’shealth> idelines>search for a guideline. âž ¢ Bmb.oxford journals.org/..205full. âž ¢ w.w.w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov> journal list>cases J/V.J;2008

Accidents at Home Essay Example for Free

Accidents at Home Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? We’d all like to believe that our home is a secure, comfortable environment, but we tend not to notice that this very place holds the potential to become very dangerous. In fact, most accidents occur in and around our homes, with the consequences involving anything from minor abrasions to a fatality. Believe it or not, water one of our most valued necessities in life, can not only provide life but also take it. Young children are often the victims of this hazardous feature. All it requires is for the parents to look in the other direction and the next moment, a curious child can wander in the direction of the family swimming pool. An unsurprised toddler can easily fall into the pool and drown. Due to the alarming increase in infant deaths due to drowning, a change in council legislation now demands the presence of childproof fencing around all pools. However there is always the slightly older and more mischievous lot of children who have managed to overcome the barriers of the fencing around pools. As a result, child drowning cases have continued to occur. These numbers have led to a council initiative of childproof safety gates to be manufactured. This requires an adult to open these gates, ensuring parental supervision. In response to the broken bones and concussions that have occurred around pool areas due to older children and teenagers running and playing carelessly around the pool, there has been the further implementation of non-slip pool pavers and surrounds. Nevertheless water inside the home can also be the cause of various accidents, especially in the bathroom which often have wet floors. Wet tiles that may cause a soothing sensation under the feet on a hot day, can instantly become the source of harmful falls, for people of all ages. A slip on a wet floor can lead to bruises, a broken bone or even concussion. In order to prevent these incidents from occurring, households are being urged to make use of the vast array of non-slip mats and non-slip stick-on designs that can even add colour to assist the visually impaired elderly residents. As we age, the activity of our nervous systems tends to function at a lower rate, causing our bodies to react more slowly, so in the event of an accidental fall, the time taken for the brain to send out signals to alert the effectors is lessened as we age. When an elderly person falls, there is the potential for severe injuries because their fragile bones can easily be roken. To ensure their utmost safety, hand rails around the bath are becoming common. Furthermore as water is heated, the hot liquid and steam that results can cause severe scalding accidents that can inflict a single burn or a serious injury. This is especially true for the elderly, with their delayed sensory reaction times, because they can be under a hot shower for several minutes before realising that they’re burnt. As a result, water temperature regulators have been installed in hospitals and the homes of the elderly, in an attempt to minimise the burns caused by hot water. Children can also be subject to similar types of burns when left unsupervised for a moment in bathrooms. Being fascinated by the motion of a rotating tap, these young minds may find themselves running hot water long enough to accidently burn themselves. For this reason, there are childproof tap covers that prevent the tap from turning on, to prevent curious children from scalding injuries when handling hot water. In the kitchen, a slip of the hand is all it takes to cause severe third degree burns. Therefore community service advertisements appear from time to time on television and on the radio to inform people about the hazards present in the kitchen. Even the steam that arises from the kettle poses certain threats. Top-opening kettles posed a potential risk for steam burns on the hand, arm and face and as a result kettles have been redesigned to open and fill at the front, thereby directing steam away from the user. Microwavable food has also proved to be a problem, because when opening the packaging, steam rushes out quickly, causing steam burns. This is why, instructions on the packaging is now mandatory alerting people to delay the time before opening. By doing this, the steam is allowed to dissipate, greatly decreasing the risk of steam burns. Nevertheless, burns are not only the result of hot liquids, because household heating poses a major threat to those who reside in the home. Open fires were once a common source of heating in many households, however the alarming number of house fires caused by curtains or furniture igniting has increased public awareness and also initiated government actions. Thus pressure has been placed on manufacturers to produce burn resistant carpets and curtain material in an attempt to reduce the risk of a stray spark causing a house fire. In order to further minimise the risk of burn injuries from open fires, a ban on installing fully open fires has been passed through government, and slow combustion fires which are a safer alternative, are readily available in many retail stores. However, during cold nights, there is an urge to leave the heater on for the entire night. This action, and the increased use of nylon sleepwear, posed a major threat of house fires while the family was asleep. Consequently, several steps have been taken by the government to ensure the safety of all individuals while they sleep. For instance, sleepwear sold to customers must have the required level of flammability labelled, in order for them to make an informed decision and about avoiding unnecessary burns. The advancement of technology has also allowed for artificial intelligence to be implemented in heating appliances in the form of temperature regulators, causing the heater to either turn on or off in order to maintain the temperature of the room without the risk of overheating and causing a fire. There has also been the danger of accidentally knocking over a heater, especially by children or pets, and this has been responsible for severe burns or even a fatal house fire if the heater came in contact with the carpet and began to burn. However the use of cut-off switches in these portable heaters has greatly minimised the risk of burn injuries and house fires, as the heater simply stops working the moment its sensors realise that it has fallen over. Yet accidents involving electricity can involve more than just electrical heating because there are many appliances used on a daily basis in the average home. Even the simple toaster or hair dryer can cause severe injuries when not correctly handled. For instance when a wet hand decides to grab the nearby hair dryer, water can seep into the electric circuit causing various degrees of electric shock. In order to minimise the risk of this occurring, safety instructions have been attached to such appliances that highlight the dangers that can arise. The toaster is another classic example, where burns have occurred simply by sticking metal cutlery into the toaster in an attempt to remove a piece of toast. Safety instructions have therefore been stuck onto these appliances in order to make people think twice before performing harmful actions. Furthermore, community service advertisements have also been appearing, informing viewers on the dangers that household electrical appliances can pose. Because curious young children can unwillingly stick a finger or a fork into the holes of a power point, safety plugs for power points have been introduced onto the market. When inserted, they prevent easy access, reducing the risk of electrocution especially amongst the younger children. Most importantly, with vast areas of the modern home powered by electricity, the possibility can always arise for a circuit overload or shortage. However being completely engrossed in our busy lives, we tend to not notice, so circuit breakers have been introduced that instantly shut down all power to the house when a threat arises, saving people from serious injuries or even a fatal house fire. Even when electricity is not present, tools and implements also increase the chance of obtaining cuts and lacerations. The preparation of any dish requires the use of knives, peelers and sometimes graters, yet these are some of the many implements that can cause accidents. For instance, the knives when kept in a drawer can see unsuspecting fingers close over their sharp teeth, whilst searching for a particular item. The cuts that result from this incident can be severe and as a result knife boards and jackets have been designed to allow knives to be safely stored. As with knives, peelers and graters only require a slight slip or fumble to cause deep lacerations. Due to these alarming occurrences, manufacturers have improved the design of these implements to include firmer bases and safety blades, in an attempt to minimise any injuries they may inflict. Children are once again victims of the many implements in the kitchen, involving cutlery and scissors. Although they might consider such items to be enjoyable to play with, the number of cuts that have been inflicted has increased rapidly. This is why plastic cutlery and scissors have been produced to allow children to continue playing in a safer environment. Outside the house, there are a variety of tools that can inflict even worse damage. Garden tools can cause severe lacerations if carelessly touched or used, due to their sharp edges. For example, the saw with its sharp teeth can inflict severe cuts so to minimise the likelihoods of such injuries, safety packaging now accompanies these potentially dangerous products, allowing them to be stored safely. In the garden shed, specially padded gardening gloves are also found which help prevent unexpected cuts from thorns or sharp branches that are incurred while performing regular garden jobs. Besides the tools on the shed or garage shelf, there are a wide range of substances, some more dangerous than others. Apart from the cuts, bruises and burns that are inflicted from appliances and various activities around the home, the improper storage of such dangerous substances have accounted or the numerous incidents involving rushing young children to hospital. This may occur after children are attracted to the brightly, coloured tablets and consume them, thinking they are lollies. Similarly with liquids, unsupervised children can easily open and drink a colourful dishwashing liquid or shampoo, thinking it is cordial, but this can lead to serious vomiting and diarrhoea requiring medical attention. For this reason, childproof caps have been introduced on many dangerous liquids which require bo th motions of pressing down and twisting. To ensure the child’s safety when parents are busy, childproof cupboard locks have appeared in many homes, restricting children from accessing dangerous chemicals or medications. To further protect people from the dangers of overdosing or mixing pharmaceutical drugs in an unsafe manner, such as when a headache is so severe that a victim takes three different kinds of painkillers, it is now mandatory to label all substances with both safety instructions and medical advice if for example, a dangerous substance like weedkiller is absorbed, breathed or comes in contact with the skin. Bruises, broken bones, scalding and lacerations are just some of the injuries that can be inflicted on residents, in and around the home. Surely it is clear, that with the numerous cases of severe injuries, which occur in and around our homes every day, it is in fact a very dangerous place to be in. Accidents at Home. (2016, Nov 21).