The Increasing Prevalence Of Obesity Essay - 980 Words

Delay Discounting, Impulsivity and Eating Behaviours that Predispose Individuals to Excess Weight Gain Monique T. Andreacchio Australian Catholic University Word Count: 2053 Abstract The increasing prevalence of obesity is a continuing global health issue. Individuals are more likely to eat in our current food environment where food are more desirable but less nutritional. To investigate whether there is a relationship between delayed discounting and an individual’s impulsivity and obesogenic eating behaviour, 214 students completed three questionnaires that rated their discounting parameter, attentional impulsivity, food responsiveness and emotional over-eating. Results displayed a high discounting parameter was not significantly correlated with attentional impulsivity and emotional over-eating, however delayed discounting was significantly correlated with food responsiveness. Further, there was no significant correlation between obesogenic eating behaviours and attentional impulsivity. These findings suggest that obesity is not influenced by or influences individuals delayed discounting and impulsiveness and controllability to food cues, however may be influenced by an individuals tendency to emotionally over-eat. The current research does not support the theory and extending it, can apply to new context. The theory may be informative to health care professionals and applied to counselling techniques. Introduction The increasing prevalence of obesity is aShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Increasing Prevalence Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of obesity and its increasing prevalence has captured much attention in the course of several decades. With over 36 percent of the American adult population considered obese between 2011-2014, speculations about its cause, contribution to chronic health conditions, and economic burdens have received considerable awareness (Ogden, Carroll, Fryar and Flegal, 2015). Commonly in research, obesity levels are measured through the Body Mass Index (BMI) scale. A BMI of 25-30 is considered overweightRead MoreObesity Is An Increasing Problem All Over The World And Its Prevalence1379 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is an increasing problem all over the world and its prevalence differs from one area to another. According to World health Organization (WHO) obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) of 30kg/m2 or more.1 It was reported that the proportion of obesity in surgical patients is greater than general population.2 This means that anesthesiologists are going to deal with increased number of obese patients whose airway management is one of their own responsibilities. Endotracheal intubation isRead MoreThe Influence Of Obesity In America808 Words   |  4 PagesWithin the last decade, the rate of obesity has been increasing. In 2012, at least one-third of U.S. adults were obese.1 It is expected by 2018 that the number of obese adults increases to half of U.S. adults.2 The rates for children and adolescents are increasing as well. In 2012, about seventeen percent of children and adolescents were obese.2 However, the number of obese individuals vary throughout the U.S. The South and Midwest have a higher prevalence of obesity while the West and Northeast haveRead MoreThe Importance Of Childhood Obesity In Canada1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe prevalence of childhood obesity is growing at a frightening rate. By definition, children ages 2-17 years of age that are at, or above the 95th percentile for BMI are obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). On the global scale, Canada is ranked eleventh highest for childhood obesity (OECD, 20 14) with more than one in four children in Canada being obese (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2012). 31.5% of Canadian children aged 5 to 17 were overweight (19.8%) or obese (11.7%) inRead MoreDietary Factors That Affect Obesity Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesDietary Factors There are many dietary factors that may contribute to obesity in children. The major factors are increased consumption of calorie-dense foods, saturated fats, and sugar in combination with sedentary behavior 8. Consumption of refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages have lead to increases in unhealthy eating habits resulting in the rise of obesity 4. These sugar-sweetened drinks are also associated with increasing BMI 11. The focus of this synthesis is the importance of physicalRead MoreThe Ethical Regulation Of Transnational Food Companies And Implement Strategies That Promote Healthy Diets846 Words   |  4 Pages Over the last 20 years the worldwide prevalence of obesity has more than doubled, making it the fastest growing cause of disease and death worldwide1 . The expanding markets in developing countries due to globalization have attracted the influx of multinational food and drink companies into these countries with aggressive marketing strategies targeted mainly at children. This has resulted in a nutritional transition from traditional plant based diets to western high fat, energy dense diets withRead MoreRisk Factors for Stroke in Young Adults1635 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion Americans over the age of 20 and representing 3% of the population (Rogers et al. e68). Current estimates suggest close to 800,000 Americans will experience a stroke each year; however, symptoms related to strokes often go undiagnosed. The prevalence of undiagnosed strokes is estimated to be 17.8% of the population over the age of 45, but some minorities and those with low incomes make up a disproportionate perce ntage of this number. Ethnicity also influences the risk of a stroke for all adultsRead MoreStudy Participants Age Ranged From 6 Years Up To 17 Years1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthan 5) with half of participants classified in the low socioeconomic level. The prevalence of stunting (HAZ 2SD for HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ are 0.3%, 4.4% and 14.9% respectively. Double malnutrition problem was reported among participants. The problem of stunting is shown in Height for age distribution in figure 1 where the curve is skewed to the left to WHO world standard normal distribution curve. And obesity is seen in BAZ distribution where the curve is slightly skewed to right to WHO worldRead MoreThe Health Of The Youth Of Australia Face798 Words   |  4 Pages(Eckersley 2008). After thorough research into the health impediments the youth of Australia face, it was found that the most predominant biophysical and psychosocial issues that influence their quality of life and are subsequently correlated are: obesity, diabetes, anxiety and major depressive disorder. Though some mental disorders such as ADHD are more common than that of anxiety disorders, they do not have as much of an impact on quality of life, therefore these health issues will not be includedRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Children And Adults1462 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is c onsidered to be the significant health problem in the United States affecting children and adults. It occurs when a child is well above the normal or healthy weight for his or her age and height. The main causes of excess weight in youth are similar to those in adults, including individual causes such as behavior and genetics. Different behaviors include dietary patterns, medication use, physical inactivity, and other exposures. Additional contributing factors in society include the food

Hardship Makes People Stronger - 950 Words

â€Å"What does not kill us makes us stronger.† Said by Friedrich Nietzsche who was a German philosopher. Personally, I totally agree with this opinion. In everyone’s life, hardship is inevitable which usually makes people suffer painfully. For the short term hardship seems a negative thing that no one would want it. However, adversity does bring some benefits for the ones who try to fight against it. For one thing, everyone has his or her own potential to deal with difficulties competently that even he or she is not awarded of. Usually it is been hidden somewhere deep that people cannot realize that. Being in a hard condition which would simulate people’s unknown potential, they would find it surprising that they are actually capable coping†¦show more content†¦Once we suffer and experience miserable adversities, we would have a better understanding of those hard situations. If others went though the same circumstance, we would have a deeper sympathy fo r them and try to help them out using our experience. For example, I spent two weeks volunteered to help rebuild a poor city where suffered an earthquake early last year in China. Even though everyone knew what happened there, it was totally different when I actually got there and saw all those patients and ruined houses. There was not much I could do to help but I had a greater, more in-depth understanding of how it felt after going through such a huge disaster. In the future, I will try my best to help others if similar things happen. This kind of experience and spiritual hardship has helped me to develop a more mature personality. To sum up, experiencing hardship helps people to explore self-value, gain priceless knowledge and have a better understand. Do not try to avoid adversity when it comes to us, get up the courage and fight against it. More important, to learn the lessons from the bitter experience would contribute to futureShow MoreRelatedInvictus And Mother To Son Analys is752 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Doesnt Kill You Makes You Stronger A boy who is being bullied at school doesnt know what to do or who to go to. He has become depressed and a shell of who he once was. He wants to talk to someone about what he is going through. He talks to his friend. His friend says he can not give into the bullies and give them what they want. He has to get stronger for the next bullies to come. Hardships are very common among people who are struggling, but they can not give into those struggles, insteadRead MoreSTORMS MAKE TREES TAKE DEEPER ROOTS1552 Words   |  7 PagesStorms make trees take deeper roots If you are bemoaning and complaining about some hardships you have to endure, don t. Behind the success of every person could have been a series of hardships endured and obstacles conquered. Hardships may refer to adversities, misfortunes, troubles, hard times, problems, or something that cause suffering. They accompany us from birth to death, along with our joys and memorable peak moments. Hardships can come in many forms. Depending on how you look at hardshipsRead MoreTrials858 Words   |  4 Pagessomething in order to make it grow back stronger?... It may seem lonely and barren at first, only to flower again in the spring’† (193). Matsu relates human emotions to a tree: A gardener who wants strong, fruit-bearing trees will prune the tree annually. These trees will yield higher quality fruit and live significantly longer. In a similar fashion, Matsu shares his belief with Stephen that a person’s life needs to be â€Å"pruned† in order to let them become stronger and wiser. The hardships in the livesRead MoreGlass Castle1440 Words   |  6 PagesWhat doesn’t kill you, only make you stronger Through The Glass Castle, Jeannette shows the world how an impoverished, neglected girl grows into a successful author and wife. Jeanette, herself, is a living proof of ultimate success showing the world that no matter what situation you come from, ultimate success is completely possible. She starts out with memories from the time when she was as young as three along with the rest of her family, constantly on the move, deserted towns in the middle ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Outsiders708 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Philip Emeagwali, â€Å"The hardships that I encountered in the past will help me succeed in the future.† In my own words this quote addresses that hardships creep around every corner and if you face them determinedly you will end up stronger in the future. This quote relates to the novel The Outsiders by informing people that tough moments in life are hard to overcome. Just like Ponyboy has to learn to overcome the death of his best friend, Johnny. The main theme that S.E. Hinton tries toRead MoreLife Journey714 Words   |  3 PagesLife is a journey filled with lessons, hardships, heartaches, joys, celebrations and special moments that will ultimately lead us to our destination, our purpose in life. The road will not always be smooth; in fact, throughout our travels, we will encounter many challenges. Some of these challenges will test our courage, strengths, weaknesses, and faith. Along the way, we may stumble upon obstacles that will come between the paths that we are destined to take. In order to follow the right pathRead MorePerseverance : The Value Of Life757 Words   |  4 Pages Anyone who lives has or will experienced hardship. A plane crash in the Andes which caused the death of 29 people including the friends, and family of a man named Nando Parrado. Nando experienced many hardships in just over 2 months said â€Å"Even here, even as we suffer, life is still worth living.† He shows the value of life with his words of experience ,and wisdom. Perseverance, why you should make the most of your life, and we all go through hardship in our lives you just need to work through themRead MoreThe Importance Of Poetry In Poetry1191 Words   |  5 Pagesquote expresses how poetry is a way of self expression because this poem talks about accepting yourself how you are. Another example is â€Å"Good Timber† by Douglas Malloch, a line from the poem says â€Å" Good timber does not grow with ease: The stronger wind, the stronger trees; The further sky, the greater length; The more the storm, the more the strength. By sun and cold, by rain and snow, In tree s and men good timbers grow.† This quote shows of life teaches you lesson and you learn valuable strength fromRead MoreSurvival Through Harship - The Hunger Games947 Words   |  4 PagesOne inspiring idea in The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is survival through hardship. In the novel, this idea is shown when Katniss survives the Hunger Games. It is inspiring because we learn that, even though there may be obstacles in our way, if we overcome hardships greatness can follow. The idea of surviving through hardship is shown throughout Katniss life in the novel. She lives in the Seam, the poorest area of her district and since her father died at an early age, has been strugglingRead MoreOvercoming Oppression and Exploitation - Langston Hughes Poems and James Camerons Avatar1566 Words   |  7 Pagesanxiety.’ People who feel oppressed can react in very diverse and opposing ways. Some grow from their experiences, gaining compassion and a stronger self-identity. Some others become bitter and reclusive and turn on those around them in hopes of feeling better about themselves. And many feel they are victims, rightly so. These are all completely normal reactions, but where do they lead us? Through two of Langston Hughes’s poems and James Cameron’s ‘Avatar’ I will discuss how oppressed people react to

Sex without Love Free Essays

Just Sex, Nothing Else â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love/ without love† (Olds, 1-2)? As time goes on, the value of love and intimacy in sex diminishes further and further. In the past, becoming intimate with another person had very strong meaning and was frowned upon outside of marriage. Although there are still people who value sex in its purist form and value the meaning of the action, more people desire only the pleasure that comes from sex instead of the love and connection that it creates. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex without Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now In â€Å"Misery and Splendor† by Robert Hass and â€Å"Sex Without Love† by Sharon Olds, both poets present the idea that having sex without love is hard to grasp and ultimately dissatisfying. Hass and Olds argue this idea through the use of imagery and tone. Poets and authors are very careful with the words they choose to be in their pieces. Authors most often paint a verbal picture for the reader that reinforces his or her underlying argument. In â€Å"Misery and Splendor† and â€Å"Sex Without Love,† both Hass and Olds create very vivid imagery for their readers to create certain visuals while reading. In â€Å"Misery and Splendor,† Hass describes the man and woman as â€Å"trying to become one creature/ and something will not have it† (13-14). With this description, Robert Hass explains to the reader that the two people in his poem are trying to find love in their physical intimacy, but there remains another unknown force preventing them from finding this love. Hass also paints the image of this relationship being somewhat animalistic. â€Å"So they rub against each other/ their mouths dry, then wet, then dry† (17-18). This image does not create a lovely, romantic scene like sex is most often thought to be. Instead, Hass refers that the two people become intimate in a brutish way. By doing this, Hass makes the point that the man and woman are becoming intimate in the physical manner instead of the emotional manner. Hass ends the poem by stating that the two are â€Å"huddled against the gate of a garden/ to which they can’t admit they can never be admitted† (23-24). This image gives the reader the image that the couple is waiting for something, but will never be able to find what they are waiting for. These two people are having sex in search for love; however, by strictly becoming physically intimate, they are disappointed by never finding the love they desire. The physical qualities of sex do not come hand-in-hand with the emotional qualities that this couple desires. By making the couple wait for this love after they become intimate, Hass demonstrates that he believes the love must be present before the intimacy and sex can happen between two people. Not only does Hass use imagery in his work, Sharon Olds creates very strong imagery in â€Å"Sex Without Love† to demonstrate the same concept as Hass, which is that sex without love is very disappointing and a hard concept to understand. However, Olds uses a slightly different approach with the imagery in her poem. Throughout the poem, Sharon Olds creates imagery that is very ironic for the reader. The images she creates are meant to be beautiful actions; however, Olds represents them in quite the opposite way. They are â€Å"wet as the/ children at birth whose mothers are going to/ give them away† (6-8). When a mother gives birth to a child, it is most popularly known as the best day of the mother’s life. The occasion is a very happy and celebratory time. However, in the poem, Olds paints the picture of a mother giving her child away. She uses this image to enforce that sex without love could have repercussions that are very negative. Although sex may have physical benefits, it also comes with consequences as well. Olds also depicts these people as runners. They know they are alone/ with the road surface, the cold, the wind/ the fit of their shoes, their over-all-cardio-/ vascular health-just factors, like the partner/ in the bed, and not the truth† (18-21). Although the people that choose to be intimate without pairing it with love know that they are alone, they do not seem to care. They are like runners; they want the physical aspects of the action but nothing else. O lds also states that the people like runners â€Å"know they are alone† (18). This depicts that these people believe they are capable of doing things on their own, without help. They see their partner as a factor that helps them achieve the goal that they desire. When these people have this viewpoint, Olds describes them as â€Å"a single body in the universe/ against its own best time† (23-24). Until these independent, do-it-yourself people realize that a single person cannot achieve love, Olds claims that the search for the love and intimacy that two individuals share remains to be a very lonely and dissatisfying time. Not only do these poets create vivid imagery, both Hass and Olds also form ery distinct tones throughout their poems to convey this thought that love cannot be achieved through sex alone. â€Å"Summoned by conscious recollection, she/ would be smiling, they might be in a kitchen talking/ before or after dinner† (Hass, 1-3). The first three lines set an important tone to this poem â€Å"Misery and Splendor†. In these first lines, Hass claims that the man and woman are conscious of what should be happening. They both know that if they shared love, they would be happy and having a good conversation after dinner. Instead, â€Å"they are in this other room/ the window has many small panes, and they are on a couch/ embracing† (3-5). Hass compares what they should be doing to what they are actually doing to set this yearning tone that makes the couple seem desperate. They are desperate to find this love between them; however, the love is not reachable. â€Å"The light in the room/ does not change† (11-12). This statement also creates a somewhat dark and negative tone. By stating that the light stays the same, it seems as though nothing else emotionally between the couple changes either. This dark and unpleasant tone that Hass depicts throughout the poem also reinforces his argument that trying to find love by performing the act of sex alone will be extremely disappointing. Although the man and woman are being intimate with one another, the disappointment still lingers throughout them. â€Å"They are tender/ with each other, afraid/ their brief, sharp cries will reconcile them to the moment/ when they fall away again† (14-17). The couple feels the intimacy in the moment, but as soon as it is over, they go back to feeling nothing. They try to hold on to feeling in the moment, but it is soon stripped away. The couple fears that the love will never be achieved, and they cling to the thought of this love they desire so much. However, because this love is not present, the couple cannot hold on to this artificial feeling that refuses to remain. While Hass conveys his idea in â€Å"Misery and Splendor† through the suggested tone, Olds also advocates her thoughts through the tone created in â€Å"Sex Without Love. † By beginning the poem with a question, Olds sets the tone in a somewhat negative way. She asks, â€Å"how do they do it, the ones who make love/ without love† (1-2). By posing this question, Olds seems baffled by the fact that people can become intimate with another person without loving that person first. Her misunderstanding and amazement of the concept also makes this idea making love without actually having love seem very skeptical and difficult to grasp. â€Å"How do they come to the/ come to the come to the God come to the/ still waters, and not love/ the one who came there with them† (8-11). This second question that Olds presents in her poem, reinforces not only her misunderstanding of these people, but also the tone she has created. This question that Olds has posed reinforces the idea that these people do not truly love the person they are becoming intimate with. The fact that Olds is questioning this concept creates a negative connotation of this action. This negative tone that Olds uses in this poem is also seen through her metaphor of these people as runners- â€Å"They know they are alone† (18); â€Å"[they are a] single body alone in the universe/ against its own best time† (23-24). Olds implies that these â€Å"runners† are alone. This metaphor creates not only a negative tone, but also implies that these people are ultimately lonely. As Olds indicates that these people are lonely, the negative tone that she fuses through her poem becomes stronger. Love is not intended to be lonely. With these questions inserted in the poem and the implication of the person being â€Å"alone in the universe† (23), the tone of â€Å"Sex Without Love† is negative and disappointing, similar to the tone in â€Å"Misery and Splendor. † Both â€Å"Misery and Splendor† and â€Å"Sex Without Love† have very similar underlying meanings. Both Hass and Olds take an â€Å"old-fashioned† stance on the concept of being intimate with another person without feeling love for him or her first. Through the use of imagery and tone, these poets convey their thoughts that having sex before love will lead to disappointing, consequential repercussions. Although that is not the typical viewpoint today, these poets do pose an interesting stance on this topic. Instead of receiving media messages that having â€Å"sex friends† or â€Å"friends with benefits† is a normal occurrence, Hass and Olds both give reasons as to why this could be misleading. They both explain that love cannot be found through the act of sex alone. Love comes from an emotional place before a physical place. Both Robert Hass and Sharon Olds share this idea that the physical factors of sex alone will not lead to the emotional benefits of love. Works Cited Hass, Robert. â€Å"Misery and Splendor. † Class Document for English 230-008, Fall 2012. Olds, Sharon. â€Å"Sex Without Love† The Seagull Reader: Poems. Ed. Joseph Kelly. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008. 231-232. Print How to cite Sex without Love, Essay examples

Cooperative Microeconomics Game Theoretic

Question: Discuss about the Cooperative Microeconomics for Game Theoretic. Answer: Behavioural economics deals with the economic decisions made by an individual because of certain psychological, social, cognitive and emotional factors (Rader 2014). In the provided case study, my friend, Joe and I, have similar tastes. I had already booked for AFL ticket from the local Ticketmaster in advance. This would provide me with the incentive of getting good seats (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). Yet, my friend Joe planned to attend the same game whereas, would buy the ticket at the game itself. He did not want to pay extra money for advance bookings. This shows that my friend Joe is not inclined to obtain the tickets for the match as much as I do. It does not matter to Joe whether he gets the seats for the match or not. The news of an unexpected hailstorm would on the day of the game to be held, would instigate a feeling of not attending the match in Joe. As he had not booked his tickets in advance, it would not lead to any loss for him. Moreover, I would be more affected. Hence, among the two of us, I am more likely to attend the game than Joe. According to the case study provided, Nancy and Lucy are the two candidates who are studying economics. They either indulge themselves in writing an assignment or complete set of tutorial questions. According to the time taken by both the candidates referred to in the case study, a table could be created as follows: Candidates Assignment Tutorial questions Nancy 4 hours 2 hours Lucy 6 hours 2 hours According to the above-mentioned table, it could be stated that both Nancy has an absolute advantage in making assignments as she uses less number of hours to complete one assignment than Lucy. Whereas, both Nancy and Lucy are indifferent in solving tutorial questions as both of them take 2 hours in solving the questions. From the above table it could be stated that for nancy, in an hour she can either make of the assignment or solve of the tutorial questions. Hence, it could be stated that in order to complete one assignment nancy has to sacrifice solving 2 tutorial questions whereas, in order to complete one tutorial assignment, she has to sacrifice half of her assignment. Hence, nancy has a comparative advantage in solving tutorial questions. In the case of lucy, it could be stated that in an hour lucy can complete 1/6 of her assignment or of her tutorial questions. Hence, it could be stated that in making one assignment, lucy has to sacrifice 3 tutorial question, whereas, in solving a tutorial question, she would just sacrifice 1/6th of her assignment. Hence, lucy has a comparative advantage in solving tutorial questions. In both the cases, both lucy and nancy has a comparative advantage in solving tutorial questions, hence, it would not be wise enough for the candidates to specialise in one product and exchange the other. croissant is = 2*12000 = $24000 The revenue attained by the producers at price 3 per croissant is = 3*9000 = $18000 Hence, it could be stated that when the producers raise the price of per croissant from $2 to $3, then their revenues fall by $6000. Among the two options of restaurants that has been presented to us, one is a expensive gourmet and the other is an inexpensive cafe. Both the restaurants provides two kinds of products, one is food and the other is service. Food is a necessity good, hence it could be stated that food would be indifferent to price of the product (Norman et al. 2013). Hence, the food in both the restaurants would be closely related to each other. Yet, services are considered as normal goods. When the income of the consumer increases, the demand for normal good among the consumer also increases. Hence, people get attracted towards products that are more expensive (Moulin 2014). From the above explanation its could be concluded that among the two restaurants, the service provided by the expensive gourmet restaurant would be better than that of an inexpensive cafe as it would be more costlier than the cafe. Reference Moulin, H., 2014.Cooperative microeconomics: a game-theoretic introduction. Princeton University Press. Norman, S., Schlaudraff, J., White, K. and Wills, D., 2013. Deriving the Dividend Discount Model in the Intermediate Microeconomics Class.The Journal of Economic Education,44(1), pp.58-63. Rader, T., 2014.Theory of microeconomics. Academic Press. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill.

5 Ways to Evaluate Your Writing Group

5 Ways to Evaluate Your Writing Group 5 Ways to Evaluate Your Writing Group 5 Ways to Evaluate Your Writing Group By Mark Nichol The writing group you started three or six months ago is still going, but there’s something not quite right about it. It’s time to step back and evaluate it: 1. Attendance Are the charter members all still attending? Or, if one or more people have dropped out, was it mutually beneficial for them to do so, or do you wish they had continued to participate? If the latter is true, and you haven’t already done so, send them a note asking for their frank appraisal, assuring them that you want the truth so that you can apply their response to improving the group. They might have simply found they lacked the time or the motivation, or they might have had a personality clash with someone else in the group or a problem with the meeting format. If one or more people is regularly tardy or absent, ask them why. You won’t know whether you can help them if you don’t know the reason they aren’t on time or present all the time. It might be as simple as needing more time at home after work before heading to the meeting, or they might just be hesitating about quitting. 2. Skill Are the skill levels of the members basically on par? Not everyone needs at exactly the same place in terms of facility with writing, but it helps to have an only slightly divergent range. An especially skilled group member might make others feel inadequate, and someone who is noticeably deficient in talent may be dragging the group down. You will likely feel uncomfortable about approaching either type of outlier, but the more skilled writer will probably take it as a compliment if you suggest that they seek a writing group with higher collective abilities and may be glad to have â€Å"permission† to do so. For the person not quite up to the group’s level, it may take no-punches-pulled criticism respectful but candid to prompt them to look for a group more suited to their level of development. 3. Workload Are group members keeping up with the workload? If members routinely come to group meetings unprepared lacking either a writing sample for others to critique or completed evaluations of others’ passages perhaps the amount of preparation required is excessive. Consider reducing the frequency of meetings or the length of submissions, or mix up the way submissions are presented: If group members usually email their pieces for others to review and critique before the next meeting, alternate this approach with cold critiques (responses to writing samples that have just been distributed at that meeting). Alternatively, have members submit samples at every other meeting rather than each time, or skip critique meetings in place of tutorials (everybody presents a fifteen-minute lesson about character, plot, narrative structure, or some other element). 4. Development Do group members feel that the writing group is helping them develop as writers? Set aside part or all of a meeting to discuss how everyone feels about their progress. Are other members too timid about providing feedback, so that one or more people feel that they aren’t getting anything out of the critiquing sessions? Is criticism writer centered rather than writing centered? Critiques that focus on the author rather than on the writing samples not only hinder development but may also make members feel uncomfortable, which may also be the cause of absentees or dropouts. If you haven’t yet done so, model constructive comments that are specific and that respond to the piece, not the person. 5. Feedback External feedback, that is. At three months after the group’s launch, this step will likely be premature, but for a group that’s met for six months or more, it might be time to step up to the plate. Talk everyone in the group to committing to submitting: With a given period, everyone must send an article or poem or short story to a certain number of publications or writing competitions for consideration. That’s certainly one way to evaluate a writing group. If one or more people get a prize or get published, also-rans might feel resentment, but try to forestall any bad feelings by suggesting ahead of time that if anyone hits the jackpot, it means everybody has the potential to do so. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureTen Yiddish Expressions You Should KnowEach vs. Both

Penicillin essays

Penicillin essays Penicillin: The Bacterial Cell Killer Before the discovery of penicillin, bacteria-caused diseases took a heavy toll on the world population. During the 1800s there were only limited ideas about how diseases were generated in the human body. Two men, Pasteur and Koch, had clearly shown the connection between disease and bacteria, but not many people believed in the work they were doing. (Brown, 1996, P.1). Around the late 1850s, a few people were beginning to take seriously the idea that diseases were caused by unseen things. A twenty-one year old medical student in France made a chance discovery that a substance produced by a mold could apparently kill bacteria. This medical student was Ernest Duchesne. This work was mainly ignored, and eventually forgotten. (Brown, 1996, P.1). In 1928 penicillin was accidentally discovered by Dr. Alexander Flemming at St. Marys Hospital in London. Dr. Flemming had been working to find ways to kill bacteria in infected wounds. When Flemming returned from a vacation, he found that he had left the lid off one of his Petri dishes. He noticed that some kind of fungus was growing on his dish. Instead of throwing it away, he examined it first. While examining the fungus he notice that there was a zone around it that was completely devoid of bacteria. He reasoned that this growing fungus must be producing something that was killing the bacteria. Flemming identified the fungus as Penicillium notatum. He named the material that killed the bacteria penicillin. After researching it he found that although it killed many different kinds of bacteria, it was very unstable and sometimes didnt work. It was not until the second World War (1939-1945) that two British scientist, Florey and Chain, managed to purify the formula. (Bro wn, 1996; Wong, 1998) Even though the efforts and resources of many people were used to try and produce large quantities of penicillin, it so...

FAT file systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FAT file systems - Essay Example File Allocation Tables (FAT) is of huge significance to the users of Compact Flash (CF) because the requirement of FAT type is different for the devices that are optimized with over 2.14 gigabytes (GB) of storage capacity unlike those that require only 2.13 GB. This topic has gained huge importance specifically after the hard disk’s application into the personal computers. This paper tends to create awareness among the camera users regarding the FAT through a comprehensive discussion of its history. Introduction: The subject of this white paper is the illustration of FAT File Systems. This white paper is directed at creating an understating among the users of camera regarding the File Allocation Tables, which are generally referred to as FAT. Because of the disparity between the need of FAT type among different devices, Compact Flash (CF) users need to be given a thorough understanding of the FAT so that they may be able to make the right choice as per their device. The scope of this white paper is limited to the discussion of history of FAT File Systems along with a brief review of the relation of FAT with the Compact Flash (CF) devices which generate files with sizes up to 5+ mega pixels. This white paper first gives a comprehensive account of the historical background of FAT. This is followed by a review of the use of FAT File Systems in CF. Finally, the findings are concluded in the last section. History of FAT File System: Development of FAT File System: In February, 1976, during his stay at the Albuquerque’s Hilton Hotel spanning five days, a child known as Bill Gates who has gained immense fame for his contributions in the world of computer developed and coded FAT (Gilbert). â€Å"FAT was designed for small disks and simple folder structures† (Microsoft). Replacement of floppy disks with double-sided diskettes: The original Personal Computers made use of floppy disks for carrying the data whose capacity usually used to be 180 kilobyt es. After the floppy disks, use of double-sided diskettes increased. The double-sided diskettes used to be double the capacity of the floppy disks and were up to 5 ? inches in size. The initial DOS developers indicated the relation of sectors to individual files as well as identified the vacant tables by creating tables with a view to organizing the data. As a result of this, the Operating System (DOS) was able to use the limited space on the double-sided diskettes to the maximum limit. There was no more the need of availability of a continuous series of sectors for saving the files. It was possible to break up the data for the files and distribute that everywhere in the double-sided diskette in an increasingly organized and sequenced fashion; a process that is frequently referred to as fragmentation. Nevertheless, it was fortunate in those times to be able to keep the data in one diskette because one would not need to switch the diskettes in and out alternately time and again while the program’s operation would continue. Selection of table length: There are 768 sectors upon a diskette with a capacity of 360 KB. This required the table to be large enough in order to determine every single sector of the total of 768. There was also the requirement of some room for expansion because the developers were aware of the on-going creation of larger diskettes. Number of possible values permitted by the use of one byte per table did not exceed 512, so that would not practically serve the purpose. On the other hand, two bytes would waste the disk space by permitting 16384 entries. Thus, decision had to be made somewhere in between one and two bytes. So finally, table with the length of 12 bits that were equal to 1.5 bytes were chosen so that the usage of sectors on the first double-sided diskettes could be traced. As a result of this, 4096 possible values were permitted. Such a FAT table was able to deal with storage devices with the capacity as large as 2 GB prov ided that each entry

Essay due in Asian Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Due in Asian Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art - Essay Example The Asian collection of Art works at the Metropolitan Museum of Art contains a large number of Art works from Asian countries. It is renowned for its collection of Chinese and Indian Art works displayed. Thesis statement: From the perspective of a viewer, discussion on the basic differences between Chinese and Indian art and analysis of a piece of art to unearth its history, the artist’s motives and expression. The Asian collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art includes a wide range of Art works from different cultures from Asia. The collection includes gifts from philanthropists who collected different types of Art works from different cultures in Asia. Besides, the collection covers the 4000 year history of Asian Art. Some important differences between the Chinese and Indian art objects which represent the Asian Art are mentioned below. The Chinese collection includes Calligraphy and painting which represent its rich tradition of Art. Carol Michaelson and Jane Portal opine that: â€Å"Chinese painting is quite different from brightly coloured Western oil painting† (Michaelson and Portal 8) the tradition of painting in China is entirely different from Western form of oil painting. Besides, the Art works represent the history of different dynasties that ruled over China for centuries. For instance, the work ‘Model of a watchtower’ represents the Eastern Han dynasty in ancient China. But the Indian collection is different from Chinese works. The difference from Chinese Art can be seen in the usage of colors, medium and theme. The favorite medium of Indian Artists includes paper and cloth. For instance, the work ‘Mahavira Sitting at the Top of the Universe: Folio from a Kalpasutra Manuscript, 15th century’ is in paper. The favorite theme of Indian artists includes stories from sacred te xts. In addition, red is a dominant color in Indian Art works. But the favorite colors

State budget cuts influence on students Research Paper

State budget cuts influence on students - Research Paper Example of education, factors that influence college choice, factors that contribute to college dropouts and students opinions on the effects of cuts in the state budget to education. -Many of the respondents surveyed were in their third year of study (60%), while a significant 24% were in their third year of study with the remaining proportion covering freshmen students and second year students. -The email response from the questionnaires indicated that the average cost of education, including tuition, room and board added up to $16,000 at least for all public state colleges while that of private colleges added up to $37,000 -Nearly 10 out of the 15 students interviewed responded relying on loans to assist them with college financing costs. Equally, a third of the respondents relied on part time jobs to help cater for college costs, that was often complemented by parent’s support with 11 out of 15 getting regular support from their parents. A similar number also relies on college scholarship and financial aid to clear their college bills. -13 out 15 of all the participants interviewed reported being always concerned about having enough financial resources to utilize while still in college in providing for daily expenditures. Economizing was reported as a tradition employed for the college years, occasioned by tough economic times in the real world. -In the age bracket of 18-25 sampled for this survey, many of the participants, 76% cited difficulties associated with money as the driving force for college drop out. Other issues as bad grades and peer influence also emerged as strong reasons for college drop out. -Many of the college students surveyed reported feeling uncomfortable with borrowing to finance their education. This they say becomes unbearable as they are unable to pay the money borrowed within the appropriate period and as such loans accrue to longer periods of time attracting higher fines and interest rates that accrue. -Despite high costs associated

The 4 Gospels and their Themes

The 4 Gospels and their Themes The authors of the four gospels in the Bible had a specific group of people they wrote to and in this assignment I am going to look at those specific people and what the authors said about the life and work of Jesus. I am going to also going to look at the main themes of these four gospels, beginning from Matthew to John. The author of the book of Matthew is the Apostle Matthew who was one of Jesus` disciples. The gospel of Matthew was written in Greek. The author wrote to a particular group of people mainly Greek speaking Jews, even though the author wrote to certain group of people the writing does have a worldwide outlook. Matthew concentrated more on the fulfilment of the Old Testament than the writers of the other gospels. In Matthew Jesus teaching pointed to the blessings of the kingdom being extended to gentiles. MATTHEWS MAIN THEMES The main purpose of Matthew is to prove that Jesus Christ is the Messiah which means the anointed one. Jesus can also be interpreted as Joshua in Greek which means the Lord saves. Matthewss goal was to convince his readers that the King of kings has come, with this in mind he uses words and names that the Jews are familiar with. Also unique to Matthew is the expression, that it might be fulfilled which is spoken by various prophets.  [1]   THE MAIN PURPOSE AND FOCUS OF MARK The gospel of Mark was written by John Mark. Mark was a close associate of peter, it was from Peter that he received the tradition of things done and said by the Lord Jesus Christ. Mark has more of the preaching of Peter, put together by John Mark. According to early church tradition Mark was written in the region of Italy more specifically in Rome. In book of Mark John Mark explains Jewish customs and interprets Aramaic words John Mark seemed to have an interest in persecution and martyrdom. John Mark wrote that the suffering Jesus was also the Son of God, the Son of Man, the Christ and the Lord. MARK`MAIN THEMES Marks gospel is simple and holds an important account of the ministry of Jesus Christ, with an emphasis on more of what Jesus did than what he said. Mark moves quickly from one scene in Jesus` ministry to another. Even though Mark bases his emphasis on the humanity he does not neglect the deity of Christ. Mark wrote to strengthen and guide the Roman believers who were being persecuted by Nero. After the death of Peter and eyewitnesses to Jesus` life, this gospel message needed to be written down.  [2]   THE MAIN PURPOSE AND FOCUS IN LUKE The writers name is not mentioned but evidence points to Luke. The gospel of Luke was written to Theophilus and the message in this gospel was meant for his own instruction and also for those among whom the book would be distributed. Luke was probably written around A.D. 59-63. The book of Luke would have likely been written in Rome. Luke had an outstanding command of the Greek language. Lukes words in general seem to reveal geographical and cultural sensitivity. Lukes gospel centers on Gods plan to provide salvation to the world. LUKE`MAIN THEMES Luke was written to strengthen the faith of all believers and to give an answer to the unbelievers. It was written to displace and unveil the false reports about Jesus. This third gospel presents the works and teachings of Jesus that are especially vital for understanding the way of salvation. The first two chapters of Luke emphasize the Old Testament and its promises of a Messiah while the third and part of the fourth chapters show clearly that Jesus is the Messiah, who can fight against the evil one, Luke continues in the rest of the chapters to write about the life and works of Jesus and everything that had been revealed by the law, the prophets and the Psalms about Jesus had been fulfilled.  [3]   Luke often stressed the humanity and compassion of Jesus. Lukes favourite expression is the Son of Man. The disciples were witnesses of to this fact and their mission was to share this Good News with all nations. THE MAIN PURPOSE AND FOCUS IN JOHN Some translators have felt that Johns aim was to present a forth from a different view point the Christian message that would appeal to Greek thinkers. John would have been thinking of the Greek readers some of whom were being influenced by heresy. John` main purpose was evangelistic, to build up believers as well as to win new converts. John also focuses on Jesus` claim that He was God by including Christs seven I am statements. John records certain occasions when Jesus equals Himself with the Old Testament I AM. John 8:58 Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM. JOHN` MAIN THEMES The writer of John also said that These are written that you may believe that Jesus Christ the Son of God and that believing you may have life in His name John 20:31. John also speaks of Jesus as the pre-existent divine Word who became a human being so as to speak the words of God, reveal the glory of Gods grace and truth, to put a bridge between the children of light and the children of darkness, to bring judgment on the unbelieving world and to give eternal life through the gift of the Holy Spirit to all believe and abide in Jesus. John wrote that Jesus was and is the saviour of the world.  [4]   John reveals the Bibles most important message, believe and follow Jesus, because He is the way to eternal life. John speaks of Jesus as the light of the world and the bread of life, the way, the life and the good shepherd. CONCLUSION The four canonical gospels are very detailed and factual about the life and work of Christ. Matthew writing to prove to the Jews that Jesus is their Messiah, while Mark stressed the humanity of Jesus but he does not neglect His deity. Luke wanted to show that the place of the gentile Christian in Gods kingdom is based on the teachings of Jesus. Luke` main theme is the nature of Jesus Christ` messiah ship and mission. The gospel of Luke presents Jesus in ways that would appeal to an audience of high minded gentiles. The gospel of John is presented firstly with a prologue or introduction. John speaks of Jesus as one sent from God to reveal His love and grace to man. All the four gospels have unique story on the life and ministry of Jesus Christ and they all speak of one person only Jesus who is the saviour of the Jews and the saviour of the world. All the resources I used are very helpful for doing a research like this one and I would recommend any theological student to use these book s when doing their essays or research work.  [5]  

Subliminal Perception, Neuropsychology, and the I-Function :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Unconscious Processing: Subliminal Perception, Neuropsychology, and the I-Function In his 1957 book The Hidden Persuaders, Vance Packard warned the American public that "Large-scale efforts are being made, often with impressive success, to channel our unthinking habits, our purchasing decisions, and our thought processes... Typically these efforts take place beneath our level of awareness; so that the appeals which move us are often, in a sense, hidden" (1). Packard was convinced - perhaps rightly so - that advertisers were "professional persuaders" whose marketing techniques were deceptive and overly manipulative. Not only were advertisers becomingly increasingly adept at developing campaigns, pitches, and slogans to send specific messages to targeted consumer populations, but some had gone so far as to suggest that such messages could be effective even if they were presented below the level of conscious awareness. James Vicary, one of the market researchers and entrepreneurs profiled in Packard's book, claimed to have developed a machine capable of flashing such unnoticeable, "subliminal messages" within big screen movies. Vicary had allegedly tested his technique by altering movies so that messages urging viewers to "Eat Popcorn" and to "Drink Coke" were displayed at regular intervals throughout the film for such brief durations that they could not be consciously perceived. Vicary claimed that his subliminal messages resulted in a significant increase in sales of popcorn and coke (1). Although no experiment involving subliminal messages has ever replicated the success which Vicary claimed to have achieved and, in fact, Vicary later admitted that it had been no more than a marketing gimmick, the possibility of subliminal or unconscious perception has not been dismissed. In fact, although the use of subliminal messages is generally considered a foolish and invalid practice, the more general phenomenon of subliminal/unconscious perception deserves to be reevaluated in light of current debates surrounding the nature of consciousness. Subliminal or unconscious perception refers to the idea that stimuli presented below the threshold for conscious awareness can influence an individual's thoughts, feelings, or actions (2). The possibility that an individual can acquire and act on input without being aware of doing so has implications for the study of consciousness and the larger set of processes which characterize the I-function. It is generally assumed that that conscious perception of a stimulus is necessary in order to act on that stimulus, and this conscious decision to act is one of several processes which characterize the I-function.

Research Strategy Paper. Stress

A vast amount of information about work-related stress is readily available. After doing a preliminary search of keywords â€Å"work related stress,† I found that the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Oxford university's medical department, the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health all maintain sites which will be useful as sources for me. All of these sites are administered by well-known and legitimate organizations and loud be excellent sources of accurate and reliable information.They also include the results of professionally conducted clinical research studies. Additionally, the same keyword search conducted In the university of Phoenix library resulted In 330 sources available for research utilization. By focusing on these numerous sources, I will find relevant and unbiased studies and material directly specific to work-related stress. An overview of my research strategy process is s ummarized as follows: – Identify and select the problem/topic. I have already decided my topic will be â€Å"Work-Related Stress†.Find and Identify the symptoms of the work-related stress that are common to the ma]orally of people affected by work-related stress and not to a specific career field or occupation. – Find and identify the common causes that are relevant to the majority of people and not a specific career field or occupation. – Find and identify both long-term and short-term health risks and benefits, if any, related to work- related stress. – Identify the treatments available to reduce or eliminate work-related stress. Any medication prescribed for the treatment of stress must be approved by he Food and Drug Administration(FDA).Pipeline or experimental medication will not be considered. ; Develop conclusions related to the above research. – Summarize research findings and conclusion in the form of a written report. In order to e ffectively get the most reliable information regarding work-related stress, I will utilize credible publications, books, articles, Journals and studies and I will reference all cited data. Utilizing both the Internet and the University of Phoenix library, I will search for, locate and compare legitimate data and studies to find profession.Different Jobs have different stresses and stress levels and I am trying to capture the common theme behind work-related stress as a general topic. I will verify the source of any potential research information by conducting some background checks on the author to ensure that they are experts in their field. Once I have located and identified what I feel to be relevant data, I will compile the information for comparison. Only material meeting my specific research parameters will be utilized in order to ensure consistency and accuracy throughout all phases of my project.While conducting my research, I will combine both quantitative and qualitative r esearch methods in order to ensure that my findings are reliable, unbiased and objective. Because I am not focusing on a specific career field or occupation, I will ensure that my research is objective and can be reproduced by data supported through studies and research conducted on people from various backgrounds, locations and professions. By comparing data collected from the different studies meeting my criteria, I will be able to effectively utilize consistent data and eliminate irregularities or other material not applicable to my particular search focus.The symptoms, causes and health risks must be consistent in all studies. Additionally, hours spent at work and work environment should be varied to ensure that the common causes and stresses are captured. Since my topic is medically related, my research will be more effective by utilizing the most recent information and studies available. Medical technologies and research can evolve rapidly and therefore make older data and mat erial obsolete very quickly. Obtaining the most recent and credible material will be key for my research topic.For the retirement portion of the research, I will limit studies to natural remedies or medication approved by the FDA. After combining and comparing all data that is applicable to my research of work related stress, the material will be reviewed again for accuracy and also to ensure that all material is objective. Conclusions will be drawn based on the findings and the results will be presented in a written report. References * (1) Retrieved from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health website: * http://www. CDC. Gob/nosh/programs/work/emerging. HTML

Confused With and Confused About

Confused With and Confused About Confused With and Confused About Confused With and Confused About By Maeve Maddox Preposition use is tricky. Sometimes a rule can be applied, as in the choice between in and into: The dog jumped from the bank into the water. (connotes movement from outside to within) The drowning man flailed in the water. (connotes containment within) More often, the choice of which preposition to use is idiomatic. That is, speakers use a particular preposition with a certain word because its use has been established by custom. From time to time, the established preposition is replaced by another. Initially, speakers accustomed to the older form express outrage, but in time, as the old-timers die off, the new preposition achieves acceptance. An example of such a change in progress is the use of excited followed by unconventional for instead of the customary about or by. A similar change seems to be in progress regarding the expression â€Å"confused with.† The verb confuse, with its participle form confused, has more than one meaning. If I say, â€Å"I always confuse Barbara with her sister,† the meaning is â€Å"fail to distinguish, erroneously regard as identical, mistake one for another.† This is clearly the definition that applies to the prepositional phrase in the following headlines, but in each case, the writer has used the preposition for instead of with: Knife attack confused for performance art at Art Basel Miami Beach- CNN Local Doctor Confused for Razorback Football Player- Fox16 news Liam Payne Still Gets Confused For Louis Tomlinson- MTV A possible explanation for this growing usage is confusion with another expression close in meaning: â€Å"mistaken for.† The knife attack was mistaken for a performance. The doctor is mistaken for the football player. Liam Payne is mistaken for Louis Tomlinson. The preposition switch in this idiom is not as noticeable as the one that uses â€Å"for† with excited, and it does not provoke the same amount of outrage. Only one reader has ever commented negatively on the use of â€Å"confused for.† My post on â€Å"excited for,† on the other hand, garnered twenty passionate comments and 427 â€Å"Likes.† â€Å"Confused for† may be destined for acceptance, but at present, it is simply careless writing. An even more blatant preposition error with confused is to follow it with of. So far, I’ve noticed this misuse chiefly in badly expressed readers’ comments on tech sites and in social media, but there is a song with â€Å"confused of† in the lyrics- always a bad sign. Here are some examples of the incorrect use of â€Å"confused of†: I’m aware that there’s [sic] licensing fees and such and all this ATHP stuff. I’m confused of the requirements and how to know when you need to register and pay. I am 25 years old and I am confused of what to do in the future professionally. I feel  confused of  the PlayerSetup.cs in Multiplayer FPS tutorial #3. For the few that  are confused of  what is a hero or have courage visit the wounded Warrior Website and find the true answer. We fight and love so much Sometimes I get confused of who we are, - â€Å"We Fight/We Love,† by rapper called Q-Tip In each of these examples, â€Å"confused about† would be the correct usage. Related posts: Excited About, Not For A Chance of Showers Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for Money34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

How Long Is the SAT With Extended Time

How Long Is the SAT With Extended Time SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Students with documented disabilities may be eligible to receive extended time on one or more sections of the SAT. The options for extended time vary by student and must be approved ahead of the testing date by College Board's Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD). If you're a student, parent, or educator interested in extra time accommodations on the SAT, read on to learn about the different options and how long each one makes the SAT. First, let's briefly review who qualifies for additional time. Who's Eligible for Extended Time on the SAT? In order to qualify for extended time on the SAT, students must have a documented disability that constitutes a "relevant functional limitation." In other words, their disability impacts their ability to take the SAT, and extended time may help them improve their performance. These disabilities include visual, physical, medical, and motor impairments and learning disorders. Generally, eligible students will have an established Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or 504 plan with their school. However, having a plan or accommodations for extra time at school doesn't necessarily guarantee them extra time on the SAT. A qualified school coordinator must make an official request to College Board and provide all the necessary documentation. Since approval takes about seven weeks, she should start this process early. When making the request, the coordinator will indicate whether the student needs extended time for reading, mathematical calculation, written expression, or listening/speaking (for SAT Subject Tests). If the coordinator specifies extended time on reading, then the student will typically get extended time on all SAT sections, as they all require reading of some form. Apart from differences in time per section, what other options does College Board offer for extended time on the SAT? What Are the Options for Extended Time on the SAT? There are three options for extended time on the SAT: time and a half, double time, and 150% additional time. The amount of time students get varies depending on whether they take the SAT without the optional essay or the SAT with the essay section.Below, you can see the amount of time students get with each extended time option. Time and a Half The most commonoption for extended timeon the SAT lengthens it by 50%. Time and a half makes the SAT without the optional essay a total of 4 hours and 30 minutesand the SAT with the essay a total of 5 hours and 45 minutes.Students with time and a half take the SAT at the usual time and place, on a Saturday morning at their testing center of choice. Double Time The second option is double time, or 100% additional time, for a total of 6 hourson the SAT without essay or 7 hours and 40 minutes for the SAT with essay. Students with double time typically take the SAT over the course of two days at their school. 150% Additional Time Finally, in rare cases students may be granted 150% additional time and get 7 hours and 30 minutes on the SAT without essay and 9 hours and 35 minutes on the SAT with essay. Like students with double time, students with 150% additional time typicallytake the SAT over the course of two days at their school, rather than take it at the official testing center. They would sit with a school coordinator, generally one on one, unless there were another student or two with similar accommodations. While the above mentioned times technically describe the length of the test, the actual experience is longer due to breaks and time for instructions. Considering these factors, how long will the SAT with accommodations actually take? Ready with your planner? How Long Is the SAT With Extended Time? The times above describe how much time a student has to complete the Reading, Writing, and Math sections, but they don't include breaks, instructions, or other logistics of the test-taking experience, like passing out and collecting the test booklets. Students with extended time must stay for the entire designated time, even if they finish early. They also can't flip between sections or self-pace, but instead must stay on each individual section until time has been called. Without accommodations, the SAT is 3 hours with the essayor 3 hours and 50 minutes with the essay. Without the essay, students get two breaks totaling about 10 minutes. With the essay, students get three breaks for a total break time of about 15 minutes. Extended time doesn't include extended or extra breaks unless a specific request has been made and approved. For most students with extended time, therefore, you can just add 10 or 15 minutes of break timeand 30 to 60 minutes for administrative tasks to get a sense of how long the SAT will be. In the charts below for the SAT without essay and SAT with essay, I added 30 minutes for check in, instruction, filling out personal information on the tests, and finishing up. In a testing room with a lot of students, it may take a bit longer. For students testing individually or in small groups, check in may take a little less time. Here are my estimates for each extended time option to answer the question, how long is the SAT with breaks? SAT Without Essay Extended time option Total testing time With breaks Total time No extended time 3 hours 3 hours, 10 minutes ~3 hours, 40 minutes 50% additional time 4 hours, 30 minutes 4 hours, 40 minutes ~5 hours, 10 minutes 100% additional time 6 hours 6 hours, 10 minutes ~6 hours, 40 minutes 150% additional time 7 hours, 30 minutes 7 hours, 40 minutes ~8 hours, 10 minutes SAT With Essay Extended time option Total testing time With breaks Total time No extended time 3 hours, 50min 4 hours, 5 minutes ~4 hours, 35 minutes 50% additional time 5 hours, 45 minutes 6 hours ~6 hours, 30 minutes 100% additional time 7 hours, 40 minutes 7 hours, 55 minutes ~8 hours, 25 minutes 150% additional time 9 hours, 35 minutes 9 hours, 50 minutes ~10 hours, 20 minutes Taking the SAT takes a lot of time, energy, and focus. Students definitely don't want to add to their stress by showing up late, and when finished they're probably eager to head home. So what's a safe time for pick up and drop off for students taking the SAT with extended time? Safe Times for Drop Off and Pick Up As mentioned above, students with 50% additional time will take the SAT on Saturday morning at their preferred testing center. They should plan to arrive by 7:45. The SAT is administered between 8:30 and 9:00. Students with time and a half will be finished and ready to be picked up around 1:40 PM or 3:00 PM, depending on whether or not they're taking the essay section. Students with more time will take the test over the course of two days at their school under the supervision of a designated administrator. Their timing will vary. Usually students who start at 8:30 AM test until around noonand then resume the next day. These accommodations are meant to improve the test-taking experience for students and meet their needs. Since the SAT is time intensive, students, parents, and coordinators should make sure to know the ins and outs of the process and options for extended time. Below are the key points to remember. Key Points It takes about seven weeks for College Board to approve SAT accommodations, so gather your documentation and make your requests early. The most common option for extended time is 50% additional time, though some students will get more or only qualify for extra time on certain sections. Students decide whether or not to take the essay section when they register. Students with time and a half will spend from around7:45 AM to 1:40 or 3:00PM at their testing center (depending on if they take the essay or not). Extended time does not automatically include extended or extra breaks, so you need to make these requests separately. Students must stay for their entire designated testing time, so even if they finish early, the above schedule will still apply. Extended time can be a huge help for students with functional limitations, like reading comprehension or attention issues. Make your requests specific and supported by in-depth documentation, and leave extra time in case you need to appeal College Board's decision. Since the SAT is such an important test, you want to make sure you or your student is getting the accommodations she needs to see her best results. What's Next? Apart from extended time, what other accommodations are available to students taking the SAT? Read our full guide on SAT accommodations and how to get them here. Now that you know how long the entire SAT will take, what about each individual section? Answer any questions you have about exactly how long the SAT is here. Want to score a super high SAT score?Get all the tips and expert advice you need inour guide to getting a perfect SAT score. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Rebecca Safier About the Author Rebecca graduated with her Master's in Adolescent Counseling from the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She has years of teaching and college counseling experience and is passionate about helping students achieve their goals and improve their well-being. She graduated magna cum laude from Tufts University and scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Particular policy debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Particular policy debate - Essay Example ECB is assigned the task of maintaining price stability and it is the major component of Euro-system. The fate of Euro-zone is the topic of debate on international forum. European Union is commonly known as EU, a supranational body which proposed integration of European countries. It adopted a unique framework for integration and set the goal of complete integration among European countries. By complete integration, EU meant to integrate the economies, politics, educational, cultural and all other aspects. By economic integration, the EU dreamt of common market and common currency. The common market was based on the idea of free movement of goods, services, capital and labour (Toner, 2004). By free movement means, there were no tariff and quota restrictions, there was no excise duty and the exchange rate was relatively kept stable. In order to go a step ahead in economic integration, the common currency named as Euro was introduced. The member countries were required to abolish their local currency and adopt Euro as the official currency. Adoption of Euro is a difficult task for the member states and they need to make certain changes in their economic system to adopt this new currency. The fate of Euro-zone is important to determine because it is one of the most important key performance indicators of ECB and EU itself. EU has achieved many successful milestones in its earlier periods of economic integration. The common market initiative was warmly welcomed by the member states and in order to reap its benefits, many other European countries showed their willingness to join EU. When EU launched the initiative of common currency i.e. Euro, few countries showed enthusiasm while UK, Denmark and Sweden adopted the opt-out option. This option relieved them from the mandatory requirement of replacing their national currency with Euro. It has raised much confusion in the economic circles of EU. Many other

Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mathematics - Essay Example Mathematics is major component of our culture and we need to learn more and more of it. Mathematics has been considered a necessity and essentiality what ever time period. Plato's Academy was marked with phrase "Let no one ignorant of Geometry enter here" Mathematics enjoys unshakable foundation and its basis is pure rationality. It promotes rational thinking and ideas and leaves nothing to chance. Even the chance or the probability is dealt in a very rational and logical manner. Logic grew into thriving field through algebraically minded mathematicians like George Boole, Ernst Schroder, Balzano, Ferge and Hilbert. The history of Mathematics goes as far back as 30000 BC when Paleolithic people in Central Europe and France recorded numbers on bones. Uses of early geometric designs were found to belong to 25000 BC. In 2000 BC Harappans adopted a uniform system of weight and measure. Quadratic equations were solved in 1950 BC. In 1850 BC Babylonians came to know about Pythagoras theorem. Almost at the same time multiplication tables were used by them. Sexagesimal number system was used to predict the position of Sun, moon and other planets in 500 BC. Hippocrates wrote "Elements" in 450 BC which is first compilation of elements of geometry. Euclid gave a systematic development of geometry in Stoicheion (The Elements). He also gave the laws of reflection in Catoptrics. In 250 BC Archimedes floated Archimedes Principles and gave an approximate value of . In 127 BC Hippocras discovered the precision of Equinox and calculated the length of year. In about 60 AD Heron of Alexandria wrote Metrica (Measur ement), which contained the formula for calculating Areas and Volumes. The Maya civilization in 250 AD used an almost place-value number system to base 20. In 499 AD Aryabhatta calculated to be 3.1416. In about 850 AD Thabit Ibn Qurra made important mathematical discoveries such as extension of the concept of number to real number, integral calculus, theorems in spherical geometry and non Euclidian geometry. Lot of other developments in mathematics need to be mentioned here but the only point is to show that mathematics developed through different generations and in different societies and cultures, which means that Mathematics was inevitable for one and all and was the nucleus for discoveries, inventions and development. Mathematics is one subject that transcends time and culture. The Pythagorean Theorem is true in any culture and every century, and is studied wherever mathematics is taught. In a world of rapid change, mathematics is one thing that endures. Its heritage is treasure we pass from generation to generation, a common store of wisdom whose usefulness takes a different manifestation in various culture and settings. Mathematics is rooted in timeless values and still is evolving. Newton gave mathematical laws of motion only three centuries ago. Lately new ways of measurements are being propounded which helps in advancement of science and commerce. Mathematics is used as an essential tool in almost all fields like

HRM1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HRM1 - Essay Example Management, experts have been able to explain the major difference between the two terminologies: Personnel management is more concerned with the administrative aspect of an organization; that is, payrolling, complying with employment legal issues and managing employees’ administrative concerns; but, Human Resources Management stretched far than that. It includes taking care of employee’s welfare, psychological motivation, training, legal representation, promotion and even relationship among the employees working together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, history has demonstrated that personnel/Human resources Management arose as a result of the dire need to control the human aspect of a business, which appeared to be the most significant area that could being either success  or failure to any organization if it is properly managed or not (Armstrong, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This report will focus majorly on the tasks of Personnel/Human Resources Managers in an organization. Japan Airlines, JAL is used as an organizational case study for which the activities of its Personnel/Human Resources Managers would be analyzed and dissected. The findings are compared with the common theories about Human Resources Management. The comparisons and contrasts are laid out, and recommendations are given to explain how the Human component of any organization could be successfully managed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A large organization like Japan Airlines with a total workforce of over 50,000 employees requires efficient Human resources Management to be able to successfully management its army of employees (JAL, 2009). The following are the activities of Human Resources Managers at JAL: Recruitment/training:   Human Resources Managers at Japan Airlines hire and train the company’s horde of workers. The process of hiring is different from other companies: for example, any candidate that would like to work for JAL must be ready to attend up to three interviews.

Windshield Survey of No Highlands Essay Example for Free

Windshield Survey of No Highlands Essay North Highlands, CA is a suburb of Sacramento. This community is made up of a diverse group of people that includes middle and upper middle-income families but there is also a large element of crime, prostitution and drugs. The research will paint you a picture of the good, the bad and the ugly sides of this community so many call home. Boundaries and Housing North Highlands is a good-sized city in Sacramento County that started out as farmland in the 1930’s and over the next 80 years developed into the community we see today. Boundaries North Highlands was originally zoned for dry farming and grazing. Things started to change in the 1930’s after the military built McClellan Airbase. The Sacramento County Board of Supervisors and the Planning Commission (1974) defined the boundaries of North Highlands as McClellan Airbase to Elverta Rd to the county lines of Placer and Sacramento to the train tracks. From there to Antelope Rd to Interstate 80 at Garfield to arcade Creek to Walnut to Pasadena to Winding Way to the Sacramento city limits back to McClellan Airbase. Housing With the opening of the airbase brought people and growth to the area. A large growth spurt was evident in the 1940’s when the Plane Haven, North Haven and Highland subdivisions were built. With the opening of Interstate 80 brought more development to North Highlands (Sacramento County Board of Supervisors and the Planning Commission, 1974). The airbase officially closed in 2001 and has been converted today into a business park with housing and parks and ball fields. In addition, is also home to the Aerospace Museum of California (Sacramento County Board of Supervisors and the Planning Commission, 1974). Today, it seems the economy may be hurting this area as you drive thru the neighborhoods homes are boarded up and empty and some are in need of some much-needed care. The majority of homes were built from the 1930’s to the 1970’s with identifiable sub communities Highland, Hillsdale-Foothill Corridor, Auburn and Madison and McClellan Park (Sacramento County Board of Supervisors and the Planning Commission, 1974). ââ€" ª Estimated median house or condominium value $176,722 (City-Data.com, 2010). ââ€" ª Estimated median gross rent $929 (City-Data.com, 2010). The people that live in this housing are very culturally and ethnically intertwined if you live in the neighborhood you might have an Asian or African American family living next door or down the street. They may even be Russian or Indian. Religion is also diverse in this neighborhood but it is predominately Christian. Politically North Highlands is split almost down the middle with Democrats and Republicans with about 1% of the community registered as Independents (City-Data.com, 2010). Total Population 43,215 ââ€" ª Caucasian 23,211 (54.4%) ââ€" ª Hispanic 10,077 (23.6%) ââ€" ª African American ââ€" ª 4,609 (10.8%) ââ€" ª Mixed Races 2,052 (4.8%) ââ€" ª Asian ââ€" ª 1,997 (4.7%) ââ€" ª American Indian 381 (0.9%) ââ€" ª Native Hawaiian and ââ€" ª Other Pacific Islander ââ€" ª 289 (0.7%) ââ€" ª Other race ââ€" ª 78 (0.2%) (Neighborhood Scout, 2012). For population 15 years and over in North Highlands CDP: ââ€" ª Never married: 31.8% ââ€" ª Now married: 45.0% ââ€" ª Separated: 3.2% ââ€" ª Widowed: 5.9% ââ€" ª Divorced: 14.1% (Neighborhood Scout, 2012). Parks and Recreation While exploring the community several parks were seen during the day families were noted in the parks, while evening brought soccer and baseball teams out to the parks as night fell you saw a scarier element of people hanging out yelling obscenities at people, a fight was noted. As the night grew later and the park emptied at one park, an older man was seen making a bed on a picnic table. The parks are well groomed no graffiti noted, grass cut and very green. Garbage was picked up tables clean. The playgrounds are large and in good repair. The recreation Center on Watt has a public pool that appeared well used by the community, as there were many people there at the time. The rec center also offers classes such as cooking, dance, ceramics and English as a second language just to name a few of the many fun things they have listed. Schools, Crime, Employment and Community Services The school district for North Highlands is the called Twin Rivers. According to Neighborhood Scout (2012), there are 56 schools for a total of 31,632 students. ââ€" ª Caucasian 30.3% ââ€" ª African American 15.4% ââ€" ª Hispanic 36.1% ââ€" ª Asian 10% ââ€" ª American Indian 0.8% ââ€" ª Economically Disadvantaged 76.8% During this survey, a couple of the schools were seen and appeared to be in good repair. Children were seen riding their bikes in the parking lot and running around playing. They appeared to be having fun. The Sacramento County Sheriff’s Office, California Highway Patrol and Sac Metro Fire Department protect North Highlands. During this survey fire stations 41, 42, and 112. There was no fire department noted during this survey but I saw a high police presence in the community day and night. The crime rates in this community are a little intimidating with a crime index with 100 being safest the North Highlands community it is 22. ââ€" ª Violent Crimes 248 ââ€" ª Property 1219 ââ€" ª Annual Crimes per 1000 resident 33.95 (City-Data.com, 2010). ââ€" ª 100 Registered Sex Offenders (Megan’s Law, 2011). This community is a hard working blue-collar community predominately with most of the community working in construction and retail. Although, the unemployed rate is a whopping 9.5% in North Highlands. Jobs held: ââ€" ª Construction 22% ââ€" ª Retail trade 14% ââ€" ª Manufacturing 10% ââ€" ª Administrative and support and waste management services 8% ââ€" ª Public administration 7% ââ€" ª Accommodation and food service 5% ââ€" ª Educational services 5% (City-Data.com, 2010). North Highlands is a very interesting community with a lot of twist and turns. The diversification of this community’s people adds to its charm. The lower housing cost is a draw for families to the area, but this can also bring an element that brings higher crime rates. I hope that as the economy improves and unemployment declines business will return and grow in this community and crime will decrease and North Highlands will thrive as it did 80 years ago.

Child Labour in Pakistan

Child Labour in Pakistan WHEN I began this article, my reference points for a critique of globalization were the riots in Se- attle and the World Banks newest World Development Report on Pov- erty. Since then, the world has wit- nessed yet another clash between the forces of labor and those of capital. This article deals with the issue of child labor, particularly the case of Pakistan, but within the framework of a new world order defined by the politics of the WTO(world trade organization). The manner in which the activists-gathered from across the world-were treated by the Czech Republic outdid even the manner in which the Seattle police crushed its local protests. However, ultimately, this article argues that demanding social rights-especially labor rights of any sort-in the current international political economic scenario increas- ingly dominated and defined by the WTO and its constituency is a losing battle and that even if these rights were granted in some limited fashion (for instance, by ensuring that chil- drens rights are implemented vis-a- vis labor, by making industries child- free) it accomplishes no more than papering the cracks being pro- duced by a system premised on the existence and perpetuation of inequalities-an intensified and increasingly global capitalism. The World Banks 1997 World Development Report sustains the myth of globalization as the new development strategy-the path to economic well-being. The most recent World Development Report, on the other hand, is forced to deal with the issue of increasing and intensifying poverty across the world. However, in their infinite wisdom, World Bank economists insist that the answer to this is more, not less, globalization or, at the very least, globalisation with a human face. Once upon a time when moore was a young man, the word interna- tionalism was a noble word .. . but now the idea of internationalism has become something to be feared or at- tacked (WTO 1999). Well, Mr. Moore, we can easily explain that: in your youth, internationalism was a word that connoted the solidarity of work- ing people across the world, whereas what we are now faced with is the in- ternationalization of capital. The standoffs and organized boy- cotts and protests, whether in Prague or Seattle or in the form of strikes against liberalization and privatiza- tion across the world, and their after- math expose globalizations reality not as ultimately empowering-or at the least benign-but as a con- sciously institutionalized political project backed by the military and police forces of the advanced indus- trialized North/West. As a political project, then, it can only be countered through political engagement and di- rect political action and not, as has been proposed, through the addition of social clauses within the WTOs mandate itself. This is a contradic- tion in terms because of what the WTO is and the interests it is there to protect and promote. What has emerged systematically from such contemporary and previ- ous critiques of the mainstream development project represented by the World Bank, and the crisis in development inaugurated by the structural adjustment policies of the IMF and World Bank in the late 1970s, is the stark reality that both absolute and relative poverty as well as inequality. Mike Moore of the WTO did his bit for damage control in the wake of the Seattle protests by telling trade union workers that as far as he was concerned there simply was not any contradiction between trade and labor (WTO 1999). Open economies, imperfect as they are have delivered more jobs, opportunities and security to more people than alternatives. Here the veiled reference is clearly to the centrally planned economies because we are immediately informed that countries that have embraced openness and freedom have increased the real incomes of their workers, which in turn has raised labour standards and reduced poverty. Countries that remain closed, remain poorer, underdevel- oped, cut off from the world of rights and freedoms. This is, of course, patently false. The greatest tragedy of the 1990s has been the massive decline of welfare in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, many of which have experienced increases in mortality, illiteracy, crime, malnutrition, and gende r inequality (see, for example, Palast 2000). What has changed from those early days is that, as far as the capi- talists are concerned, the world is their oyster. Samir Amin (1997) has pointed out that one of the major ef- fects of the globalization of the world economy has been to extend the re- serve army of unemployed persons across the world. And just as the re- serve army of the unemployed within a national economy gave the capital- ist the leverage he needed, vis-A-vis labor, to depress wages, so is the case today for multinational firms in an increasingly globalized world econ- omy. Chossudovsky (1997) -has called this the globalization of poverty. Hence the need for more and better marketing of the free-trade system highlighting its multiple benefits for society at large and for workers in particular. This is, after all, what is called a hard sell. The internationalism and solidar- ity that trade unionists have stood for is suddenly presented as having been in the service of nothing but universal freedom, an essentially lib- eral creed! What Moore is doing, and not coincidentally, is nothing short of conflating internationalism with globalization. The sleight of hand is so seamless, it leaves one breathless. Next, consider the presentation of the trade policy for the year 2000 by the finance minister of Pakistan, in which he declaims, The minister declared that he was confident that the Pakistani nation could rise to the occasion, but note under what conditions he considers this possible: We can do it if every Pakistani-the worker, the farmer, the producer, the exporter, the civil servant, the house wife-everyone- is committed to the cause of exports, but we can not hope to make a break through in exports unless we make our agriculture an industry more ef- ficient; more competitive. A commit- ment to exports becomes the sine qua non of the national interest, and all class and gender distinctions are flattened in its face. It should be noted that this informalization of labor makes unionizing impossible under Paki- stans labor laws. The report also cites 4000 industrial mills as being sick, of which 152 were in the textile sector-one of Pakistans export- oriented sectors. Out of a total of 442 spinning units with over 1 million spindles, 90 were shut down. And that all occurred in one year alone The issue of child labor and the efficacy of ILO conventions must be seen in this context. Recently, the ILO passed its Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour, Con- vention No. 182. Pakistan has yet to ratify it, although nongovernmental childrens rights organizations and movements against bonded labor have been exerting pressure on the government for years. Pakistans minister for manpower (and, signifi- cantly, industries, among other port- folios), Umar Asgher Khan, disclosed early in the year that Pakistan was seriously considering its ratification. Yet Pakistans child labor force is estimated at around 30 mil- lion in the 5-18 age group or 20 mil- lion in the 5-15 age group (Human Rights Commission of Pakistan 1998, 226), most of it in the urban informal and agricultural sectors, However, even those forms of child labor that are covered by these constitutional provisions are not curbed, due to the lack of political will on the part of state elites Neoliberalism has exposed the seams within the historic compro- mise between capital and labor, and with it the ideological and political basis of the ILO. The contradictions inherent in trying to accommodate the needs and rights of workers and the poor in a socioeconomic system based on the accumulation and real- ization of profit and surplus value have now become painfully exposed. The civil-military bureaucracy and the landed elites have benefited under every regime in Pakistani history, with a few shifts in the balance of power between them but no serious threat to their overall status. This has resulted, among other things, in the continuation and intensification of existing feudal structures; there have never been more than cosmetic land reforms under any regime, ensuring that the feudal power structure remains undisturbed. This has severe impli- cations for the incidence and forms of child labor and labor practices in gen- eral. Moreover, labor laws have been draconian, even under the populist socialist government ofZulfiqar Ali Bhutto. It is only recently that NGOs and movements such as the BLLF and the Bhatta Mazdoor Mahaz have been able to pressure the govern- ment to pass a law such as the Bonded Labor (Abolition) Act. Although we cannot look upon this as an absolute victory-laws are, after all, only as good as their implement- ers, and the implementer s are still feudal/tribal elites-this act has enabled thousands of bonded labor- ers to be freed by lawyers working with the BLLF. All these explanations for the exis- tence of child labor have important implications because they form the basis of particular policies designed to address this issue. Thus if child labor is caused by poverty, then we must have poverty alleviation pro- grams and development (once again understood as economic growth). If child labor is part of a vicious cycle that is caused by lack of education or primary schooling, then we must ensure that children go to school. And there are several initiatives, both local/domestic and interna- tional (and usually a combination of the two), specifically geared to address this lack. The real issue is, of course, that child labor is a function of poverty but that poverty is not just an unfortunate feature of life in Pakistan. Poverty is structurally created, maintained, and now under the pro- cess of intensifying. The structural reasons are both domestic and inter- national and, under the current international political regime, are unlikely to be reversed without political intervention. The ILO is an existing institution with a history of work on behalf of labor, but activists, intellec- tuals, and critical development experts need to think seriously about either turning it into a more powerful organization or designing and estab- lishing a new institution that can work as a watchdog on behalf the worlds exploited workers.